Semiconductors are the building blocks of modern electronics, powering everything from smartphones to satellites. This in-depth guide provides a comprehensive understanding of semiconductors' engineering principles and applications, delving into their fundamental concepts, materials, devices, manufacturing processes, and their impact on today's technology landscape.
This in-depth guide explains the physics of PN junction diodes, surveys modern diode types, illustrates a standard diode schematic, explores rectifiers, clippers, and clampers, and offers practical design tips.
This article explores the basics of SR Latch, covering its fundamental principles and implementation using NOR and NAND gates, metastability and race conditions, illustration of gated variants and real world applications such as switch debouncing and integrated latch ICs.
Protect sensitive electronics by understanding the current limiting resistor, learning how to calculate appropriate values, and applying them in LEDs, transistors, microcontroller inputs and other circuits.
This guide explains how potentiometer pins interact with mechanical rotation, resistive tracks, and load conditions across various circuit configurations. It provides clarity for both low-power electronic designs and high-precision embedded systems.
This article explores the theoretical foundations of the 555 timer circuit — covering architecture, modes of operation, timing calculations, design considerations and cutting-edge applications.
Solid-state MOS FET relays offer compact size, fast and stable switching, low power use, and long service life. With diverse package options and strong isolation, they help engineers build reliable, space-efficient, and maintenance-free electronic systems.
This in-depth guide explains the physics of PN junction diodes, surveys modern diode types, illustrates a standard diode schematic, explores rectifiers, clippers, and clampers, and offers practical design tips.
Source transformation is the method of converting a voltage source with series resistance into an equivalent current source with parallel resistance (and vice versa). This guide explains the theory, math, circuit examples, and practical applications for modern digital and hardware engineers.
This guide explains how potentiometer pins interact with mechanical rotation, resistive tracks, and load conditions across various circuit configurations. It provides clarity for both low-power electronic designs and high-precision embedded systems.
Discover why missing 3D copper data creates thermal blind spots for mechanical engineers—and how accurate ECAD-MCAD exchange prevents costly late-stage failures.
This technical article explains the theory behind potentiometer schematics. It shows how to implement mechanical and digital potentiometers in practical circuits, tailored for engineers, and students.
A comprehensive guide to half adder circuits for engineers and technical learners. Learn the theory behind half adders, explore truth tables, logic expressions, K maps, implementations with Logic gates, TTL/CMOS ICs, Verilog modelling, propagation delays, design strategies, and applications.
Ensure IIoT reliability with robust power integrity — stable startups, resilient power rails, and long-life edge devices engineered through advanced power management solutions.
Engineering teams can achieve AI-ready design data with five-level maturity model by Keysight. The unified, traceable data accelerates design cycles, boosts IP reuse, and reduces costly re-spins.
Many beginners may be confused about the Solder Mask Layer and Paste Mask Layer because they share some similarities. In this article, we will introduce the differences between solder masks and paste masks, enabling beginners to gain a better understanding.
Ground is the reference point that makes voltage meaningful and the return path that allows current to flow. This article explains what is ground in a circuit, discusses different types of grounds, and shows how to implement effective grounding strategies
Altium Agile Team transforms hardware development with real-time collaboration, connected workflows, and built-in visibility — helping electronics teams innovate faster and stay aligned.
As electronic devices shrink in size and grow in power, managing heat dissipation in printed circuit boards (PCBs) has become a critical challenge for engineers.
Learn everything about photo transistor devices, including working principles, types (BJT & FET), circuit design, key parameters, modes of operation, practical interfacing techniques, and modern applications.
Arithmetic units are a core element in digital systems. But their design is not as simple as it may seem. This article explores the theory behind 4 bit adders and their comparison with various architectures. It will examine integrated circuits and discuss the modern low power research and designs.