Is soldering paste the same as flux? This technical article clarifies the differences for electronics engineers, covering their functionalities and practical implementations in both manual soldering (repairs, prototyping) and automated soldering (SMT reflow assembly)
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Conformal coatings are polymeric films on printed circuit boards (PCBs) that protect against hazards like moisture, pollution, chemicals, and temperature changes. This layer of material is vital for the longevity and reliability of electronic parts.
This article is a detailed guide on Vcc vs Vdd power rail naming conventions in analog and digital circuits (CMOS vs bipolar), with practical tips for schematics, PCB layout, and IC selection!
Surface Mount Technology PCB assembly is a revolution in electronics design, enabling smaller and more reliable circuits. This guide explores the basics of SMT PCB assembly, how it works, and industry standards. This article is for electronics designers to help understand critical SMT design aspects.
Surface preparation and board cleaning are hot topics in our industry, and an entire history of why this is a debate would be beyond the scope of this article. If you are looking for that type of deep dive, Aqueous has a great reference.
Configurable power supplies combine the flexibility of custom designs with the speed and cost-efficiency of modular systems. By enabling tailored voltage, current, and control features, they help engineers address evolving requirements across industrial and medical applications.
VSS and VDD are crucial power rails in electronics—VDD is the positive supply (often for MOSFET drains), while VSS is ground or negative reference. Learn their roles in CMOS/BJT circuits, their impact on analog/digital design, and PCB layout best practices.
A comprehensive resistor chart guide for digital design and hardware engineers. Explore resistor values, tolerances, units, E-series standard values, resistor color code systems, and practical resistor selection examples.
IPC standards ensure quality, reliability, and consistency in PCB design, manufacturing, and assembly. This guide covers key standards like IPC-A-610, IPC-2221, and IPC-J-STD-001, their importance, best practices, compliance challenges, and certification benefits.
This article explores the key factors influencing trace width, provides practical guidelines, and highlights best practices for selecting the correct dimensions based on current-carrying demands in modern PCB design.
A countersink in PCB design is a conical recess that allows flat-head screws to sit flush with the board surface. This article explores countersinks vs. counterbores, when to use them, IPC standards, manufacturing considerations, and best practices to ensure reliable, cost-effective PCB designs.
PCBs are integral to the functionality of consumer electronics, providing the necessary infrastructure for complex circuitry in a compact form.
A step-by-step guide on designing and fabricating modern printed circuit boards (PCBs) for professional and academic applications.
This article provides an in-depth overview of the various PCB components that make up electronic circuits – from passive elements like resistors and capacitors to active semiconductors and electromechanical devices.
OSAT (Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test) firms package, assemble, and test chips for fabless companies and foundries. As chip complexity rises, they boost efficiency, lower costs, and speed market entry for AI, IoT, and HPC. This article reviews OSAT fundamentals, players, and trends.
