Thousands die or are injured each year in automobile crashes. Bringing automated driving systems technologies into the advanced driver assist systems (ADAS) and connected vehicle space will help humans drive more safely and better prepare us for automated vehicles (AVs).The Reducing Human Driver Error and Setting Realistic Expectations with Advanced Driver Assistance Systems report demonstrates in depth that ADAS can work.&nbsp;<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzAxOTYxMzUxNTQ5LVNBRSBHVUlERS5wbmciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjk1MCwiZml0IjoiY292ZXIifX19" style="width: 300px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"> <iframe src="https://c8056756.sibforms.com/serve/MUIFAMdP0A_OGmbm1FBUdHG4Kch9Yvcfk0o7_Lq0Ywvq_bW5DACvNKJTxu581PWdSkLw1Lzm_3zXkKgpDQ0qa9wZF0aMleCF9Dht6uXrWjeRGuMlIbLAG00tAE1k1Zj9J3qZyOnF08P7PZYck76ldPDyWzCbrD6Tvrokkm59XTxP7P4hV7Gz2fXT6er4g7NK0E8nq6obPbX1dAqy" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" allowfullscreen="" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 100%; width: 540px; height: 460px;" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true"></iframe>Get your copy of this report now.&nbsp;Free for Wevolver readers in December (usually $50).&nbsp;The path towards zero road deaths requires combining ADAS and ADS implementation with infrastructure engineering, law enforcement, education, emergency response, and public policy.<h2 dir="ltr">Unveiling the Potential of ADAS in Modern Transportation</h2>Together with SAE International we are offering our community free access to this report, a part of SAE International’s EDGE Research Research portfolio.&nbsp;The report delves into the heart of ADAS technologies, exploring their role in reducing human driver errors, which have been a longstanding challenge in the realm of road safety. With a focus on cutting-edge research and real-world applications, the report explores &nbsp;the critical ways in which ADAS is transforming everyday driving experiences, making roads safer for drivers, passengers, and pedestrians alike.Compiled by leading experts in the field, the report offers a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements and future prospects of ADAS. From autonomous braking systems to adaptive cruise control and lane-keeping assist, it covers a wide range of technologies that are integral to the modern driving landscape. This report is an essential resource for industry professionals and technology enthusiasts who are keen to stay ahead in the rapidly evolving world of automotive technology.<h2 dir="ltr">A Step Towards a Zero-Fatality Future</h2>SAE’s vision aligns with the global goal of achieving zero deaths and serious injuries on the road. By harnessing the power of ADAS, we are not only looking at a future where driving is more comfortable and convenient but also significantly safer. This report serves as a guide to understanding how close we are to realizing this vision and the steps needed to get there.Download Your Copy Today for Free!<iframe src="https://c8056756.sibforms.com/serve/MUIFAMdP0A_OGmbm1FBUdHG4Kch9Yvcfk0o7_Lq0Ywvq_bW5DACvNKJTxu581PWdSkLw1Lzm_3zXkKgpDQ0qa9wZF0aMleCF9Dht6uXrWjeRGuMlIbLAG00tAE1k1Zj9J3qZyOnF08P7PZYck76ldPDyWzCbrD6Tvrokkm59XTxP7P4hV7Gz2fXT6er4g7NK0E8nq6obPbX1dAqy" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" allowfullscreen="" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 100%; width: 540px; height: 460px;" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true">&nbsp;</iframe>Ready to explore the world of ADAS and its impact on road safety? Download your copy of "Reducing Human Driver Errors with ADAS" today. Simply fill out the form on this page, and you'll gain immediate access to this essential resource. Join us in driving towards a safer, more efficient future.Read more content from SAE International on Wevolver <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/profile/sae.international" target="_blank">here.&nbsp;</a>

Download the limited edition free report now. 

New Report: The Technology Behind ADAS and a Crash-Free Future

<h2 dir="ltr" id="isPasted">FREE REPORT:&nbsp;Reducing Human Driver Error and Setting Realistic Expectations with Advanced Driver Assistance Systems</h2>Thousands die or are injured each year in automobile crashes. Bringing automated driving systems technologies into the advanced driver assist systems (ADAS) and connected vehicle space will help humans drive more safely and better prepare us for automated vehicles (AVs).Learn more about ADAS and ADS implementation with the goal of reaching zero deaths and serious injuries by downloading this FREE report from SAE International (valued at $50).&nbsp;<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzAxMTc1NjkyODg5LWh1bWFuIGVycm9yLmpwZyIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTUwLCJmaXQiOiJjb3ZlciJ9fX0=" style="width: 300px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><iframe src="https://c8056756.sibforms.com/serve/MUIFAMdP0A_OGmbm1FBUdHG4Kch9Yvcfk0o7_Lq0Ywvq_bW5DACvNKJTxu581PWdSkLw1Lzm_3zXkKgpDQ0qa9wZF0aMleCF9Dht6uXrWjeRGuMlIbLAG00tAE1k1Zj9J3qZyOnF08P7PZYck76ldPDyWzCbrD6Tvrokkm59XTxP7P4hV7Gz2fXT6er4g7NK0E8nq6obPbX1dAqy" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" allowfullscreen="" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 100%; width: 540px; height: 460px;" class="fr-draggable" data-gtm-yt-inspected-8="true" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true">&nbsp;&nbsp;</iframe><h2>Electric vehicles in the construction industry</h2>The success of electric vehicles in the construction industry will largely be determined by battery prices being low enough that the total cost of ownership is cheaper than diesel alternatives. IDTechEx’s new report, “Electric Vehicles in Construction 2023-2043,” shows that there is a battery price tipping point, under which it will be cheaper over the vehicle lifetime to operate an EV. Selecting the right chemistry will be imperative for getting a low enough vehicle price. So why is a clear dichotomy seen between the batteries being deployed in China compared to Europe?Electric vehicles in construction are an emerging market. IDTechEx has built a database of more than 100 example makes and models across seven different construction-vehicle categories: mini excavators, excavators (&gt;6 tonnes), compact loaders, backhoe loaders, wheel loaders, telehandlers, and mobile cranes. However, with lots of vehicles yet to be released, only 49 database entries have confirmed chemistry information.Europe and China have more established markets for electric construction vehicles, which makes it possible to draw some conclusions about battery-chemistry trends from OEMs in these regions. What is obvious at this early stage is that Europe heavily favors NMC (nickel manganese cobalt) lithium-ion batteries, while China has chiefly chosen LFP (lithium iron phosphate) batteries.<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzAxMTc1Nzg4MTQ4LXNhZSAxLmpwZyIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTUwLCJmaXQiOiJjb3ZlciJ9fX0=" style="width: 300px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">Six of the top 10 largest construction companies have either a prototype or concept electric mini-excavator available in 2023. Image credit: IDTechEX.Battery requirements in construction vehicles So, why would one select NMC, LFP or even lead acid? A battery that electrifies construction equipment needs to have huge capacity and low cost. Some of these machines are extremely large and usually require concrete counterbalances to handle the massive loads they encounter. What this means for electrification is that battery weight isn’t much of an issue.Power density also is not a priority. Unlike electric cars, construction vehicles do not tend to have large power-demand spikes and are more likely to operate at a steady rate for a long time. As an example, some early Tesla Model S EVs had a 60kWh battery and a 210kW motor power, meaning its battery must be able to deliver a peak of 3.5C (power divided by capacity), typical for road cars and why they tend to favor power-dense chemistries like NMC.By contrast, the Volvo L25 electric compact loader has a battery capacity of 40kWh and a maximum motor power of 36kW, so the battery is only required to discharge at a maximum of 0.9C, well below road-car expectations.The same is true when considering the larger machines. The XCMG XE270E is a 27-tonne excavator with a battery capacity of 525kWh, but its motor is a paltry 140kW (~0.27C). In fact, research in the IDTechEx report shows that the vast majority of electric construction vehicles have a peak discharge requirement of less than 1C, with one-quarter of vehicles requiring less than 0.25C peak discharge.<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzAxMTc1OTU1MjM4LWJhdHRlciBzYWUgMi5qcGciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjk1MCwiZml0IjoiY292ZXIifX19" style="width: 300px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">Battery requirements vary depending on vehicle sizing and applications. Image credit: IDTechEXA low peak discharge requirement can be fulfilled by lead-acid batteries, which is likely why it was explored in the early days of construction electrification. The European examples that used lead acid were mainly from the mid-2010s, when lithium-ion technologies were still scaling and were much more expensive than lead acid. However, these vehicles were seriously limited, with low endurance and slow recharge times. Lead acid was replaced with lithium-ion once the newer technology became more financially viable.Both NMC and LFP offer the required performance for construction, coping with the peak discharge requirements and having high enough volumetric and gravimetric densities to fit in the machines. Speaking broadly, NMC tends to be a higher-performance battery than LFP, with better energy and power densities but coming at a premium. It would make sense then for the industry to select LFP. It offers all the needed performance while helping minimize the cost premium of building an electric vehicle – the number one priority for electric construction vehicles. So why does the European market mostly use NMC?<iframe width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/JGhYizlJung?&amp;wmode=opaque&amp;rel=0&amp;enablejsapi=1&amp;origin=https://www.wevolver.com" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" class="fr-draggable" data-gtm-yt-inspected-8="true" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true"></iframe> Choosing between NMC and LFP The best explanation for why NMC dominates in Europe while LFP has taken off in China is a case of availability. Thus far, most of the construction-EV development in Europe has used battery-pack suppliers such as Northvolt, Forsee and Volta, and most of their products use NMC.IDTechEx’s research finds that more than 75% of the offerings from European and North American pack manufacturers use NMC. These companies have been supplying a range of industries, including heavy-duty road vehicles such as buses and trucks. These vehicles require high peak power to deal with acceleration events, hills, etc. and are better suited to NMC. But with battery pricing being a key factor in the success of electric construction vehicles, increased LFP uptake is likely in the future.Meanwhile, China already has a good supply of LFP solutions. As the country’s vehicle fleet has shifted to more electric vehicles, the domestic auto industry needed a more affordable solution that offered acceptable energy density (for an acceptable vehicle range). China’s electric construction industry has been able to build large batteries relatively quickly and deploy some huge machines, such as the already-referenced XCMG XE270E. By contrast, European and North American EV markets have focused on maximizing vehicle range, normally opting for the more expensive NMC chemistry, anticipating that their consumers will be more comfortable with the additional cost.Unfortunately, there is not much data concerning which battery chemistries North American or APAC-based OEMs favor. This is mostly because OEMs in these regions are not as far along in their electrification journeys. North America is a prime example. Caterpillar and John Deere have made a recent push with electric construction vehicles showcased at Bauma 2022, CES 2023 and CONEXPO 2023. However, these machines are still some years away from production, and battery chemistries are yet to be confirmed. An educated guess, however, would suggest that Caterpillar likely will use NMC for reasons similar to those driving decisions at European OEMs.<h3>Is sodium-ion a future candidate?</h3>Another possible contender for the construction industry is sodium-ion, an emerging chemistry that does not have an established market yet. The key thing to know is that sodium-based solutions can be produced at lower costs than lithium ones, but they will not offer the same performance capabilities. In this respect, the batteries have the same trade-offs as LFP batteries.The issue is that sodium-ion is not yet a scaled solution, so it is more expensive than both LFP and NMC while having worse performance. Sodium, therefore, does not make sense in the construction industry for the time being. However, if it can be scaled and then deliver the promised price reduction, sodium-ion could be a prime match for the needs of this nuanced market.The construction EV industry is still nascent, with few vehicles in series production. However, if recent activity and announcements are to be believed, the number of machines available in the next few years is going to explode. In IDTechEx’s report, a 10-year CAGR of 37% is forecasted, with the electric construction machine industry growing to a value of US$150 billion in 2043. All this growth will give rise to significant battery demand. Whether the solution ends up being NMC, LFP or perhaps even Na-ion, the evolution of this industry is underway and accelerating fast.Dr. James Jeffs, senior technology analyst at IDTechEx, wrote this research summary submitted to SAE Media. The "Electric Vehicles in Construction 2023-2043” report, including downloadable sample pages, can be accessed at&nbsp;<a href="http://www.idtechex.com/EVConstruction" target="_blank">www.IDTechEx.com/EVConstruction</a>.

NMC and LFP lithium-ion batteries find favor in different regions as OEMs move to electrify larger excavators and loaders.

Battery chemistries for construction EVs

Testing of a new automated shuttle is underway at the University of Michigan’s Mcity Test Facility to ensure the technology is ready to safely serve older adults and people with disabilities in the city of Detroit.Earlier this month, U-M researchers kicked off several months of testing with an automated vehicle provided by <a href="https://maymobility.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">May Mobility</a>, a leader in the development and deployment of AV technology.&nbsp;The vehicle under test is identical to those destined for Detroit. The evaluation is taking place at the <a href="https://mcity.umich.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Mcity Test Facility</a>—the world’s first purpose-built environment for testing connected and automated vehicles and technologies under controlled, realistic conditions. The shuttle will undergo a two-part test developed by Mcity, called the Mcity Safety Assessment Program.The protocol includes:<ul><li>A “Driver’s License Test” that serves a purpose similar to a human driver’s test, measuring basic competency in ordinary scenarios.&nbsp;</li><li>A “Driving Intelligence Test” that challenges AV software with a diverse set of dangerous driving scenarios—representing those that most often result in crashes, injuries and fatalities.</li></ul>The augmented reality program combines physical vehicles, infrastructure and obstacles with computer-simulated people, vehicles and other objects.“Automated vehicles have the potential to make transportation safer and cleaner while ensuring equitable access to mobility options—but only if consumers can trust the vehicles are safe,” said Mcity Director Henry Liu, who is also the Bruce D. Greenshields Collegiate Professor of Engineering and director of the Center for Connected and Automated Transportation.“We believe the Mcity Safety Assessment Program could serve as the blueprint for a publicly visible safety framework, helping to bring automated vehicle technology to market in a manner that truly benefits society.”<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1701141819329-AVTesting-content2.jpg" style="width: 766px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">The Driverless May Mobility vehicle stops automatically to avoid colliding with a child-size test dummy in the road. Photo: Marcin Szczepanski/Michigan EngineeringTesting of the shuttle for Detroit comes as recent traffic crashes related to driverless vehicles have raised broad concerns about safety.&nbsp;To prioritize safety, the city of Detroit’s Automated Driving Systems shuttle pilot will undergo a thorough evaluation process, beginning with the testing at Mcity, and the deployment of the shuttles will feature a skilled safety operator on board in each May Mobility vehicle. These operators will be available to answer questions and assist wheelchair users when boarding and exiting the shuttle.“From design to launch and beyond, we have embedded strong safety practices into all of our processes,” said Satvir Singh, director of product safety at May Mobility.&nbsp;“Participating in Mcity’s Safety Assessment Program is one crucial step to ensuring that each AV we deploy will bring our riders to their destinations safely and comfortably. With the help of our partners at Mcity, we feel confident that our vehicles will exceed expectations and set a new standard for AV technology safety in Detroit and across the world.”Testing of the shuttle at Mcity will likely run through February. From there, it will be sent to the <a href="https://acmwillowrun.org/" target="_blank">American Center for Mobility</a> in Ypsilanti, for extended high-speed testing.&nbsp;Designed with equity in mind, the pilot aims to provide Detroit residents aged 65 and older or those living with disabilities with free transportation. It is intended to facilitate seamless travel to and from essential destinations such as stores, medical appointments, workplaces and more.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1701141849330-AVTesting-content1.jpg" style="width: 766px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">U-M researchers Xintao Yan (center) and Linxuan He (left) adjust the safety testing technology while Tinghan Wang looks on from the challenge vehicle at Mcity. Photo: Marcin Szczepanski/Michigan EngineeringThe Detroit City Council unanimously voted to approve a $2.4 million contract between the Office of Mobility Innovation and May Mobility in July, and the city plans to deploy the shuttle in June 2024.&nbsp;“We are excited that the rigorous self-driving shuttle testing is underway with Mcity,” said Tony Geara, deputy chief of the city of Detroit’s Office of Mobility Innovation. “This thorough evaluation process underscores the city of Detroit’s commitment that self-driving technology will be safe and effective before it is on our streets.&nbsp;“We are starting this ambitious pilot project with the Mcity Safety Assessment Program as a critical step toward learning how self-driving vehicles can effectively serve real community needs in Detroit.”May Mobility is a U-M startup that was launched in 2017 with the help of Innovation Partnerships.

The University of Michigan, May Mobility and the City of Detroit look to boost public trust in self-driving vehicle technology.

Automated shuttle planned for Detroit starts safety testing at Mcity

ETH Zurich researchers deployed an autonomous excavator, called HEAP, to build a six metre-high and sixty-five-metre-long dry-stone wall. The wall is embedded in a digitally planned and autonomously excavated landscape and park.<iframe width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/P7wmotyKgXc?&amp;wmode=opaque&amp;enablejsapi=1&amp;origin=https://www.wevolver.com" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true"></iframe>Video: ETH Zurich / Girts ApskalnsThe team of researchers included: Gramazio Kohler Research, the Robotics Systems Lab, Vision for Robotics Lab, and the Chair of Landscape Architecture. They developed this innovative design application as part of the National Centre of Competence in Research for Digital Fabrication (NCCR dfab).Using sensors, the excavator can autonomously draw a 3D map of the construction site and localise existing building blocks and stones for the wall’s construction. Specifically designed tools and machine vision approaches enable the excavator to scan and grab large stones in its immediate environment. It can also register their approximate weight as well as their centre of gravity. An algorithm determines the best position for each stone, and the excavator then conducts the task itself by placing the stones in the desired location. The autonomous machine can place 20 to 30 stones in a single consignment – about as many as one delivery could supply.<hr><h2 id="isPasted">Reference &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</h2>Johns RL, Wermelinger M, Mascaro R, Jud D, Hurkxkens I, Vasey L, Chli M, Gramazio F, Kohler M, Hutter M: A framework for robotic excavation and dry stone construction using on-site materials, Science Robotics, 22 November 2023, DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.abp9758" target="_blank">external page10.1126/scirobotics.abp9758</a>

The Excavator picks and scans each boulder to be placed in the correct position. Circularity Park in Oberglatt, Eberhard AG. (Photograph: ETH Zurich / Marc Schneider)

ETH Zurich researchers taught an autonomous excavator to construct dry stone walls itself using boulders weighing several tonnes and demolition debris.

Autonomous excavator constructs a six-metre-high dry-stone wall

Ian Dickson spoke to Christian Thiele, Director, Global Vehicle Standards at SAE International about their missionto connect and educate mobility professionals to enable safe, clean, and accessible mobility solutions.<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzAxMTE2MDcyMzkwLUFWIGRvd25sb2FkIGJhbm5lci5wbmciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjk1MCwiZml0IjoiY292ZXIifX19" style="width: 300px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><iframe width="540" height="450" src="https://c8056756.sibforms.com/serve/MUIFAMBWtqlAziu5EwFUIjLCWmRdzCiwOJRx3R3LyYkfG1dfYIvOKLn1dfBY8M58jYUZY8sQm7DnIOmrBjZ93ycsAv4ICzMbRD95I3S4FIWFM6EU4i3C7yzFNYn-Kfm0vJN96NgNO2_w4BQcrnOEwEVShkElbpBLjOT3ARKFBFADGHd-PDjMwJZI5avI3TUfr-xTC_fVunqO5MKo" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" allowfullscreen="" style="display: block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;max-width: 100%;" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</iframe>&nbsp;<hr><h3 dir="ltr" id="isPasted">What is SAE?</h3>Christian Thiele: SAE International has been around for about 118 years, our primary focus is dealing with the development of standardization and selling and getting those standards out to the industry. Recognizing that our mission is to advance mobility, knowledge, and solutions for the benefit of humanity, with the vision to connect and educate mobility professionals to enable a safe, clean, and accessible mobility solution at the end of the day, we do this through mutual forums. And by that we enable these mutual forms to develop consensus-based global standards for the global mobility industry.&nbsp;We are the largest organization that drives mobility standards. But in order to deal with that, we also have a foundation and we also do STEM research, to help develop and grow through learning, through professional development, and pre-professional development, driving people to engage through engineering technology. Basically, fill those coffers for future committee members and future engineers who help these consensus-based standards being developed and produced.<h3 dir="ltr">Thanks for the overview. Then when it comes to autonomous cars, you've probably answered this question in part already but how is SAE involved in autonomous cars?&nbsp;</h3>Christian Thiele: Let's look at it this way. Right now, we're not at the autonomous phase. Let's look at automated driving, and recognizing and understanding the automated space. We have specifically through our J3016 identified the levels of automation and clearly, level five and beyond is when you get to a level where you could call it autonomous.&nbsp;But at the end of the day, what our focus is, is helping drive those standards and develop those standards. To allow interoperability and harmonisation, especially the communication side of how automated vehicles are managed.&nbsp;Automated driving, ultimately from a vehicle and driver perspective, is to make certain that active safety standards that are built into a vehicle, i.e. the automatic braking, lane change sensing, holding steering wheel position of the car in the lane so it doesn't leave the lane, etc. These are technologies and spaces that we have helped develop in the industry, and helped through our standard organization bodies, building those standards that define what that needs to be.<h3 dir="ltr">What are some of the key challenges your members are facing particularly with AV?</h3>The key, especially from a technology point of view, is getting things that are working, to scale and interoperability. This is what we tried to do through our harmonization and through defining those standards for those communication protocols that need to happen, which allow everybody to communicate at one frequency, at one time. It's not English to Chinese; it's everyone speaking English, so to speak, to put it in layman's terms.<h3 dir="ltr">Okay, perfect. And then talking about the organization in a more general capacity. What are some of the benefits to your members of being in SAE and the adherence to these standards?</h3>Let's look at what standardization does for a company and organization itself. First, you reduce costs and design development, because you are convening a large group of industry experts that come together to help better define, narrow, and develop what standards we need to follow and to make design and development easier on the individual corporations and companies. This makes engineering easier and it reduces the cost. It also increases performance as it permits a common interface. Increased productivity and processes enable companies to become more effective and efficient at what they do as a corporation.&nbsp;So ultimately, what does this do at the end of the day? It helps to enhance safety, create a common language out there for everybody to communicate to, and facilitates throughput through regulations. It harmonizes the global marketplace. Standards ultimately give compatibility, consistent quality product, regulatory compliance, clear expectations, and consistent product performance. Everybody understands what needs to be when, where and how. It also allows for efficient procurement, which is vitally critical for organizations and companies to be able to buy and procure products. &nbsp;These reasons show why the SAE and the standards bodies organizations are vitally critical. &nbsp;<h3 dir="ltr">Then how do you actually create global standards when regulations requirements vary so much by country?</h3>Yeah, so, what we do is we work on a regional, national, and international space. Standards by themselves are not the finding. The right standards give you a direction of what is perhaps seen as the best technical information out there.We support harmonization through the UN. For example, we sit as a consultant on a consultative body. Where we contribute expertise on dealing with communication protocol and connected vehicle protocols. We helped derive some of those standards that ultimately will be implemented at a local government level.&nbsp;<h3 dir="ltr">How different are the SAE standards for autonomous vehicles versus the current generation of vehicles?</h3>Let's understand two things. First, before, the car was a self-contained environment. At the end of the day, it never communicated with the outside environment. The person or thing that was communicating was you, the individual driving the vehicle who was seeing and hearing etc. And you would make that vehicle go where it needed to go. Now you have systems that are going to define where, when, and how to best engage that vehicle under certain circumstances. &nbsp;And that's where the challenge is. &nbsp;How much confidence do we have from a security point of view to ensure that the systems are secure, without being hacked or compromised, through other means? Now, even EV vehicles recognize they're plugging in and charging. Anytime you plug in the vehicle, something happens as it relates to communication between the vehicle and the outside world. And there are threats and risks there.&nbsp;<h3 dir="ltr">So in your opinion, where do you think we are with autonomous vehicles? And what's your vision of an autonomous future?&nbsp;</h3>I definitely see an opportunity. I don't think we're there yet with a fully automated vehicle. I think level one or two are pretty sound and robust. Level three and beyond that, that's where it becomes challenging and I think in the next five to 10 years, you will see major technology advancements allowing for reliability and capability to execute to a certain level that is acceptable. You don't want a braking system working 60% of the time, you'd like it to be in the 99 percentile, recognizing and understanding that these things will help and benefit the occupants in the vehicles and the drivers themselves.&nbsp;We had over 43,000 deaths last year in the US related to automotive mobility related deaths. That is a frighteningly large number and we need to do whatever we can do from a technology point of view, to advance these vehicles to better utilize technology to better enable automated driving down the road.&nbsp;<h3 dir="ltr">Thank you. How do you think AVs can contribute to society? I think you've really touched on it there in terms of reducing the number of deaths and serious injuries.</h3>We need to acknowledge the ongoing revisions to the J3016, which is the standard for defining levels of automation in vehicles. It's crucial to consider human factors in this context. From the perspective of distracted driving, it's important to recognize the potential benefits of automated and autonomous vehicles. These technologies can significantly aid in addressing distracted driving issues.Currently, we are exploring technologies that are already available. For instance, in Europe, every new vehicle will be equipped with Driver Management Systems (DMS). These systems, which include vision systems and driver monitoring capabilities, focus on tracking the driver's head and eye positions. This is a key step in enhancing safety through DMS.It's essential to always be aware of the driver's actions, particularly the position of their hands. Implementing these technologies immediately can help drivers stay focused on driving rather than being distracted by other activities.<hr><h3 dir="ltr">Click through to read each of the report's chapters.</h3><main><h3><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Introduction</a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report?chapter=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">I: Sensing Technologies</a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report?chapter=2" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">II: Thinking and Learning</a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report?chapter=3" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">III: EDGE and RTOS</a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report?chapter=4" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IV: Communication and Connectivity</a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report?chapter=5" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">V: Security</a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report?chapter=6" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">VI: Tech Stack</a> </h3></main><h2>Leadership Interviews</h2><h3 dir="ltr"><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-accelerating-av-development-through-customer-collaboration" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Interview with Mouser </a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-building-trust-in-autonomous-driving-navigating-future-reliability-and-milestone-achievements" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Interview with Murata&nbsp;</a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-the-role-of-pcb-in-shaping-autonomous-vehicle-development/draft" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-the-role-of-pcb-in-shaping-autonomous-vehicle-development" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Interview with MacroFab</a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-exploring-the-future-of-high-performance-computing-in-autonomous-vehicles/draft" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-exploring-the-future-of-high-performance-computing-in-autonomous-vehicles" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Interview with Nexperia</a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-driving-global-standards/draft" target="_blank"></a> Interview with SAE International<a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-advancing-open-source-development-in-the-automotive-industry/draft" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-advancing-open-source-development-in-the-automotive-industry" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Interview with Autoware Foundation</a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-insights-from-nvidia-about-artifical-intelligence-in-avs/draft" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-insights-from-nvidia-about-artifical-intelligence-in-avs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Interview with NVIDIA</a></h3>

In this interview Christian Thiele, Director, Global Vehicle Standards at SAE discusses advanced mobility, knowledge sharing and automotive solutions for the benefit of humanity.

2023 Autonomous Vehicle Report Interview: Driving Global Standards

In this interview, Samet Kütük, a board member and Marketing/Go-To-Market working group chair of the Autoware Foundation and CTO and co-founder of Leo Drive, shares insights with Ian Dickson into his eight-year journey developing level four autonomous vehicles. He discusses the crucial role of the Autoware Project, the world’s leading open-source initiative for autonomous driving. Autoware is the partner of the 2023 Autonomous Vehicle Report. Download the report to read more interviews.&nbsp;<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzAxMTE0NjE1NTg3LUFWIGRvd25sb2FkIGJhbm5lci5wbmciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjk1MCwiZml0IjoiY292ZXIifX19" style="width: 300px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><iframe width="540" height="450" src="https://c8056756.sibforms.com/serve/MUIFAMBWtqlAziu5EwFUIjLCWmRdzCiwOJRx3R3LyYkfG1dfYIvOKLn1dfBY8M58jYUZY8sQm7DnIOmrBjZ93ycsAv4ICzMbRD95I3S4FIWFM6EU4i3C7yzFNYn-Kfm0vJN96NgNO2_w4BQcrnOEwEVShkElbpBLjOT3ARKFBFADGHd-PDjMwJZI5avI3TUfr-xTC_fVunqO5MKo" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" allowfullscreen="" style="display: block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;max-width: 100%;" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true">&nbsp;</iframe>&nbsp;<h3>Can you give us an introduction to what Autoware is?&nbsp;</h3>Samet Kütük: The Autoware Project originated in 2015 at Nagoya University in Japan, initiated by Professor Shinpei Kato. Following its foundation the next year, Autoware has grown into being the world’s leading open-source project for autonomous driving, boasting more than 70 members, including many prominent companies working on autonomous vehicle technology, as well as 23 university partners.&nbsp;<h3>How does one become a member of Autoware?&nbsp;</h3>Samet Kütük:&nbsp;Autoware is an open-source project hosted on GitHub. Individuals or companies interested in joining can explore the codebase on their own. If they wish to engage further, they can reach out to us. The board evaluates the potential value of new members, offering different membership packages, including premium memberships and industry memberships, with varying fee structures for annual participation.<h3>&nbsp;Why is the Autoware project open source?&nbsp;</h3>Samet Kütük: The Autoware project adopts an open-source approach to address issues related to proprietary solutions. Many players in the industry follow proprietary models, which lack transparency and can create barriers for vehicle manufacturers (OEMs) and any potential autonomy users. Autoware’s open-source nature simplifies onboarding for OEMs, making the process more straightforward and cost-effective. This approach also allows for concept validation without heavy initial investments, providing a flexible and accessible platform.<h3>Does Autoware accelerate the development of autonomous vehicles?&nbsp;</h3>Samet Kütük:&nbsp;Absolutely. Autoware not only accelerates development but also aligns with the software-defined vehicle paradigm, emphasizing openness and transparency. Collaborative frameworks like Eclipse SDV and SOAFEE indicate a move towards more open approaches in the industry. Autoware’s open ecosystem facilitates collaboration between applications and hardware, enabling a smoother development process. Can you tell us more about the Robot Operating System (ROS)?Samet Kütük:&nbsp;Autoware is built on the Robot Operating System (ROS), a middleware with a wide audience. ROS simplifies system understanding and offers a direct path to product development. The flexibility extends to operating systems, with partnerships with major companies like Arm, providing custom builds to support the architecture. ROS plays a crucial role in data exchange, connecting vehicle components, sensors, and the operating system.&nbsp;<h3>What feedback have you received from people and members who’ve used the operating system?</h3>Samet Kütük:&nbsp;Member companies, including Leo Drive, develop autonomous solutions using generic Linux distributions for operating systems. While generic Linux distributions are suitable for initial development, some companies choose more specialized OSs, for production-ready systems once prototyping for concept validation is complete. Autoware project also has a direct path to use safety-capable operating systems of which we are discussing with our alliance partners. Where do you think we are with autonomous vehicles at the moment?&nbsp;Samet Kütük: Assessing the current state of autonomous vehicles is challenging. Even well-funded companies, like Argo.AI and Cruise, face difficulties, leading to operational restrictions, or closing shop. Regulatory uncertainties, especially for autonomous vehicles operating in densely populated urban areas, present significant hurdles. However, there are already significant success stories in geo-fenced applications in controlled environments, such as ports and warehouses.&nbsp;What’s your vision for the future of autonomous vehicles? Do you think geo-fenced areas will be the first application?&nbsp;Samet Kütük:&nbsp;Personally, I see good adoption in geo-fenced and controlled environments. While robo-taxis are not excluded from the future, regulatory compliance is a priority. Beyond regulation, technology development poses challenges, especially in diverse environmental conditions. Success stories are emerging in controlled environments, addressing transportation gaps and contributing to a greener planet.<h3>How do you believe autonomous vehicles will benefit society?&nbsp;</h3>Samet Kütük: Autonomous vehicles offer numerous societal benefits, including reduced road accidents caused by human factors. Shared mobility can fill transportation gaps, leading to fewer vehicles on the road, decreased traffic congestion, and lower greenhouse emissions. The positive impact extends to creating a more sustainable and environmentally friendly planet.&nbsp;<h3>What else do we need to know about Autoware?</h3>Samet Kütük:&nbsp;When considering Autoware, it’s crucial to understand that it is a full-stack software for autonomous driving, covering everything from vehicle and sensors to perception, localization, planning, and control. Autoware replaces human senses in a vehicle with sensors, transforming a traditional vehicle into a self-driving platform. Additionally, our commitment to the software-defined vehicle paradigm, through collaborations with external alliances like SOAFEE, Eclipse SDV, AVCC , COVESA, and AUTOSAR is integral to our future endeavors.<hr><h3 dir="ltr">Click through to read each of the report's chapters.</h3><main><h3><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Introduction</a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report?chapter=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">I: Sensing Technologies</a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report?chapter=2" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">II: Thinking and Learning</a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report?chapter=3" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">III: EDGE and RTOS</a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report?chapter=4" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IV: Communication and Connectivity</a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report?chapter=5" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">V: Security</a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report?chapter=6" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">VI: Tech Stack</a> </h3></main><h2>Leadership Interviews</h2><h3 dir="ltr"><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-accelerating-av-development-through-customer-collaboration" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Interview with Mouser </a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-building-trust-in-autonomous-driving-navigating-future-reliability-and-milestone-achievements" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Interview with Murata&nbsp;</a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-the-role-of-pcb-in-shaping-autonomous-vehicle-development/draft" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-the-role-of-pcb-in-shaping-autonomous-vehicle-development" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Interview with MacroFab</a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-exploring-the-future-of-high-performance-computing-in-autonomous-vehicles/draft" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-exploring-the-future-of-high-performance-computing-in-autonomous-vehicles" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Interview with Nexperia</a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-driving-global-standards/draft" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-driving-global-standards" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Interview with SAE International</a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-advancing-open-source-development-in-the-automotive-industry/draft" target="_blank"></a> Interview with Autoware Foundation<a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-insights-from-nvidia-about-artifical-intelligence-in-avs/draft" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-insights-from-nvidia-about-artifical-intelligence-in-avs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Interview with NVIDIA</a></h3>

In this interview, Samet Kütük, a board member of the Autoware Foundation -  the partner of this report - shares the crucial role of open-source initiatives for autonomous driving

2023 Autonomous Vehicle Report Interview: Advancing Open-Source Development in the Automotive Industry

Danny Shapiro, the Vice President of Automotive at NVIDIA discusses the challenges, breakthroughs, and vision that are propelling autonomous vehicles into the next era.

2023 Autonomous Vehicle Report Interview: Insights from NVIDIA about Artifical Intelligence in AVs

In this interview, Nexperia Engineering staff discuss the challenges and solutions ahead for autonomous vehicles. Download the full report to read all our sponsor interviews.<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzAxMDkzMTQwODM0LUFWIGRvd25sb2FkIGJhbm5lci5wbmciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjk1MCwiZml0IjoiY292ZXIifX19" style="width: 300px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><iframe width="540" height="450" src="https://c8056756.sibforms.com/serve/MUIFAMBWtqlAziu5EwFUIjLCWmRdzCiwOJRx3R3LyYkfG1dfYIvOKLn1dfBY8M58jYUZY8sQm7DnIOmrBjZ93ycsAv4ICzMbRD95I3S4FIWFM6EU4i3C7yzFNYn-Kfm0vJN96NgNO2_w4BQcrnOEwEVShkElbpBLjOT3ARKFBFADGHd-PDjMwJZI5avI3TUfr-xTC_fVunqO5MKo" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" allowfullscreen="" style="display: block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;max-width: 100%;" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true"></iframe> <hr>The automotive industry is grappling with the need to develop hardware that is not only reliable and efficient but also compact enough to fit within the confines of a vehicle. This challenge is amplified by the increasing demands of Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS) in autonomous vehicles, which require immense computational resources to process data from an array of sensors and cameras in real-time.The shift towards centralized ADAS architectures marks a significant departure from traditional vehicle design. These systems resemble mid-range server architectures, equipped with dedicated GPUs optimized for complex algorithms and self-learning capabilities. The processing power required for these systems is immense, necessitating the use of multiple high-power microchips. This evolution raises critical questions about the reliability, safety, and energy consumption of these computing units, especially given their crucial role in autonomous driving.An intriguing aspect of this technological evolution is the continued relevance of discrete components in automotive systems. Despite advancements in integrated circuits, discrete components like transistors, MOSFETs, and diodes remain vital due to their flexibility, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. This persistence underscores the dynamic nature of automotive semiconductor technology and its critical role in shaping the future of autonomous vehicles.In this brief interview below we heard from Nexperia engineers as they discuss how the increasing demand for computational power in vehicles is reshaping automotive design, the challenges in ensuring system safety and reliability, and the broader impact of these changes on the semiconductor industry.&nbsp;<h3 dir="ltr">What are the most recent trends in terms of incorporating new electronic devices into the vehicle and manufacturing processes?</h3>The automotive industry is undergoing a major transformation, with electronics playing an increasingly important role. Recent trends include electrification, connectivity, and autonomous driving. As the automotive industry shifts towards electric and hybrid vehicles, there is a growing demand for high power and wide-bandgap electronics solutions such as Silicon, SiC and GaN MOSFETs, IGBTs, diodes, and other semiconductor devices capable of efficiently managing and controlling electric power. Nexperia is at the forefront of this trend, developing innovative semiconductor solutions specifically tailored for electric vehicle applications, enabling higher efficiency, increased power density, and improved thermal management in automotive electronics.<h3 dir="ltr">How are vectors such as electrification, connectivity and autonomous vehicle developments influencing the role of electronics in automotive?</h3>Electrification, connectivity, and autonomous vehicle developments greatly influence the role of electronics in automotive applications. Electrified vehicles demand more semiconductor content, driving the need for advanced components. Connectivity requires seamless vehicle-infrastructure communication, while autonomous vehicles rely on complex sensor systems. All three vectors are interconnected, with electrified vehicles offering better options for advanced electronics. Components like camera systems, radar systems, and larger displays rely on electronics. Overall, these vectors amplify the role of electronics in the automotive industry, necessitating advancements in electronic components and systems to support powertrain control, communication capabilities, and autonomous functionalities.<h3 dir="ltr">How can electronics contribute to areas such as sustainability and efficient energy management?</h3>Electronics play a vital role in enabling sustainability and efficient energy management. At Nexperia, our focus on developing better power semiconductors enables more efficient cars and applications. By minimizing power losses and enhancing power conversion efficiency, our semiconductors significantly contribute to lower energy consumption, reduced carbon emissions, and extended range in electric vehicles. Efficient power electronics also support renewable energy systems, smart grids, and energy-efficient industrial applications. Through our semiconductor solutions, we strive to enable greener technologies, enhance energy efficiency, and drive the transition towards a more sustainable future.<h3 dir="ltr">How is your company working on innovating new electronic solutions, either for the vehicle or for your manufacturing processes?</h3>Every new car today already has approximately 600 Nexperia devices, and while our products are very small, the combined effort can have an impact on the efficiency and performance. Thus, we are working on innovating new electronic solutions for both vehicles and manufacturing processes. And while we continuously innovate the “workhorse” silicon, we are also developing leading-edge wide bandgap devices. These silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) semiconductors offer higher efficiency and performance compared to traditional silicon-based devices.&nbsp;By incorporating wide bandgap devices, we enhance power efficiency and improve system performance, reduce size and weight of systems, extend the range of electric vehicles and reduce carbon emissions. We also prioritize the development of more efficient power semiconductors that minimize power losses and improve thermal performance. This ensures reliable and long-lasting electronic systems in vehicles, supporting their overall efficiency and reliability. Our compact and space-efficient package designs optimize PCB space, benefiting car manufacturing processes. By utilizing better-performing power semiconductors, we contribute to increased mileage for car batteries, promoting sustainable transportation. Nexperia remains dedicated to pushing innovation boundaries, focusing on wide bandgap devices, efficient power semiconductors, thermal performance, and space optimization to advance electronic solutions for the automotive industry.<a href="https://www.wevolver.com/profile/nexperia" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Read more about Nexperia on Wevolver.</a><hr><h3 dir="ltr">Click through to read each of the report's chapters.</h3><main><h3><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Introduction</a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report?chapter=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">I: Sensing Technologies</a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report?chapter=2" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">II: Thinking and Learning</a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report?chapter=3" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">III: EDGE and RTOS</a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report?chapter=4" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IV: Communication and Connectivity</a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report?chapter=5" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">V: Security</a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report?chapter=6" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">VI: Tech Stack</a> </h3></main><h2>Leadership Interviews</h2><h3 dir="ltr"><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-accelerating-av-development-through-customer-collaboration" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Interview with Mouser </a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-building-trust-in-autonomous-driving-navigating-future-reliability-and-milestone-achievements" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Interview with Murata&nbsp;</a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-the-role-of-pcb-in-shaping-autonomous-vehicle-development/draft" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-the-role-of-pcb-in-shaping-autonomous-vehicle-development" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Interview with MacroFab</a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-exploring-the-future-of-high-performance-computing-in-autonomous-vehicles/draft" target="_blank"></a> Interview with Nexperia<a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-driving-global-standards/draft" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-driving-global-standards" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Interview with SAE International</a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-advancing-open-source-development-in-the-automotive-industry/draft" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-advancing-open-source-development-in-the-automotive-industry" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Interview with Autoware Foundation</a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-insights-from-nvidia-about-artifical-intelligence-in-avs/draft" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-insights-from-nvidia-about-artifical-intelligence-in-avs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Interview with NVIDIA</a></h3>

Sponsor interview with members of the Nexperia Engineering Team about the increasing demands of Advanced Driver-Assistance
Systems (ADAS) in autonomous vehicles.

2023 Autonomous Vehicle Report Interview: Exploring the Future of High-Performance Computing in Autonomous Vehicles

Interview with Misha Govshteyn, the CEO of MacroFab and 
Brenden Duncombe, the Director of Customer Engineering. 

2023 Autonomous Vehicle Report Interview: The Role of PCB in Shaping Autonomous Vehicle Development

Sponsor interview with Theresa Hackl, Application Marketing Engineer, Komei Takura, Senior Business Development Manager for Mobility and 
Yoichi Murakami, Senior Product Manager for Function Devices at Murata. 

2023 Autonomous Vehicle Report Interview: Building Trust in Autonomous Driving - Navigating Future Reliability and Milestone Achievements

In this interview, Mark Patrick, Director of Technical Content, EMEA at Mouser Electronics, discusses the importance and challenges of electronics for AV applications and how Mouser collaborates with customers to accelerate AV adoption. Download the full report to read all our sponsor interviews.<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzAxMDkyNjIzNTc2LUFWIGRvd25sb2FkIGJhbm5lci5wbmciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjk1MCwiZml0IjoiY292ZXIifX19" style="width: 300px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><iframe width="540" height="450" src="https://c8056756.sibforms.com/serve/MUIFAMBWtqlAziu5EwFUIjLCWmRdzCiwOJRx3R3LyYkfG1dfYIvOKLn1dfBY8M58jYUZY8sQm7DnIOmrBjZ93ycsAv4ICzMbRD95I3S4FIWFM6EU4i3C7yzFNYn-Kfm0vJN96NgNO2_w4BQcrnOEwEVShkElbpBLjOT3ARKFBFADGHd-PDjMwJZI5avI3TUfr-xTC_fVunqO5MKo" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" allowfullscreen="" style="display: block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;max-width: 100%;" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</iframe><h3 dir="ltr" id="isPasted">Mark, could you please describe your role at Mouser and the company's activities?</h3>Mark Patrick: I oversee technical content for Mouser in EMEA. This role encompasses not just written content but also involves projects and event booth development aimed at engaging our primarily technical audience with relevant content and activities.&nbsp;Our goal is to both inspire and inform our audience, providing ideas and guidance on various projects, offering detailed instructions, code, hardware, and related materials. Ultimately, we are a technical distributor, supplying highly technical products to design engineers and component buyers. The technical marketing aspect is inherent in what we do, as authenticity is crucial when addressing our audience. This requires the collaboration of engineering and content teams. My background lies in semiconductors, technical sales, and application support. My engineering team consists of master-level electrical engineering students from the Technical University of Munich. They are a young, dynamic team capable of diverse tasks.<h3 dir="ltr">Thank you for the introduction. Can you elaborate on Mouser's activities?</h3>Mark Patrick:&nbsp;Certainly. In simple terms, Mouser is a global distributor with full authorization from all our manufacturers. We stock products from around 1,200 manufacturers, including well-known brands and specialized niche players. Our commerce platform allows anyone to purchase products needed for their development, design, or production processes.<h3 dir="ltr">You serve a wide range of customers, from OEMs to startups, correct?</h3>Mark Patrick:&nbsp;Our customer base is diverse, ranging from individuals, including DIY enthusiasts often referred to as 'Fred in the shed,' to small consultancies, and up to large corporations and OEMs. This includes well-known companies like Google and Apple, who seek the convenience of our services.<h3 dir="ltr">Could you tell us about Mouser's unique selling proposition (USP)?</h3>Mark Patrick:&nbsp;There are other organizations similar to Mouser, but our USP lies in our focus on new product introduction. We lead our marketing efforts with the latest products and designs. We maintain over a million individual part numbers in stock at one location, ensuring a high-quality customer experience. This means that what you see on our website is readily available. We offer authentic and traceable components, a critical factor in light of recent supply chain concerns. Our vast inventory and commitment to offering new and innovative products set us apart.<h3 dir="ltr">How do you stay updated on the latest products and technologies?</h3>Mark Patrick: We collaborate closely with our suppliers, maintaining a relationship that provides insights into their upcoming products and release schedules. We are prepared to create content, including technical details, for these products, ensuring we can go live as soon as the product hits the market. Additionally, we create content that becomes highly visible on search engines, helping customers find these new products quickly. This way, we facilitate access to technology and introduce it to new customers.<h3 dir="ltr">What are the benefits of Mouser's services for your customers?</h3>Mark Patrick:&nbsp;Our customers, often engineers working on designs, require rapid access to products, particularly during testing, proof of concept, and prototyping phases. They need assurance that the products are readily available. We offer this level of trust through our website, in-stock inventory, and our ability to deliver products within two to three days worldwide from a single location in the US. This high-quality service hinges on the convenience and ease of finding products, combined with our informative and inspirational content.With the increasing complexity of vehicles, particularly in the context of autonomous cars, how important is Mouser's service in providing the necessary technology and components?Mark Patrick:&nbsp;Autonomous vehicles rely on various technologies, many of which require semiconductors for their functionality. The increasing capabilities and functionalities in modern vehicles are directly enabled by semiconductors. These components are now essential for even basic features like reversing cameras, navigation systems, audio systems, and safety features. Semiconductors play a critical role in processing the data generated by sensors and providing a seamless user experience. As the automotive industry continues to innovate, the role of semiconductors will only grow.<h3 dir="ltr">If an OEM needs a specific part that doesn't exist, can Mouser assist in facilitating the creation of such parts?</h3>Mark Patrick: While we primarily stock standard products, we do collaborate with customers and tech support to address inquiries about specific components. However, for OEMs developing entirely new components, it is more common to work directly with manufacturers to create bespoke components, particularly given the scale of production in the automotive industry.<h3 dir="ltr">Regarding autonomous vehicles, do you think many of the underlying technologies and components are shared across different manufacturers?</h3>Mark Patrick: Yes, there are common components and technologies that serve specific functions in autonomous vehicles, such as connectors, semiconductors, and sensors. Many of these components are not exclusive to a single manufacturer. However, there can be custom parts created for specific OEMs. In general, a wide range of standard components can be used to build various aspects of autonomous vehicle systems, with the focus shifting more toward software and user experience differentiation.<h3 dir="ltr">When do you anticipate mass rollout of fully autonomous vehicles, and what are the main challenges to overcome?</h3>Mark Patrick: The rollout of fully autonomous vehicles is already happening to some extent, particularly at level two, where we see vehicles with various assistance features. To achieve higher levels of autonomy, there are technical, ethical, and social challenges to address. Technically, the necessary processing power and machine learning algorithms are increasingly available. Social acceptance of driverless cars and ethical considerations, such as decision-making in complex situations, remain areas of concern. While trials of fully autonomous vehicles are ongoing, predicting when they will become mainstream is challenging. However, we may see more of these services in cities across the world in the next five years.<h3 dir="ltr">Before fully autonomous vehicles become commonplace on the road, do you expect them to be used in controlled environments, like ports, airports, or factories?</h3>Mark Patrick:&nbsp;Yes, we are already witnessing the use of autonomous technology in controlled environments, such as autonomous ground vehicles and robots. In these settings, the technology is more readily accepted and deployed. The same principles can be applied to larger-scale deployments in defined geographical areas with established infrastructure. Controlled environments with specific infrastructure and limited interaction with the general public are more suitable for early adoption. Industrial facilities and warehouses are already leveraging autonomous technology for efficiency.&nbsp;<h3 dir="ltr">Is there anything else about Mouser or your role that you would like to mention for the report?</h3>Mark Patrick:&nbsp;Our primary role at Mouser is to enable access to technology. We work closely with our suppliers to ensure that those working on advanced systems have access to the technology they need, whether it is high-end processing power, sensing technologies, or a wide range of components. We offer a comprehensive range of products that can be used to build end-to-end systems. Essentially, we aim to provide everything customers need to develop their projects, from individual components to complete kits, making the process of accessing technology as straightforward as possible.<a href="https://www.wevolver.com/profile/mouser.electronics" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Read more about Mouser on Wevolver.</a><hr><h3 dir="ltr" id="isPasted">Click through to read each of the report's chapters.</h3><main id="isPasted"><h3><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Introduction</a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report?chapter=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">I: Sensing Technologies</a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report?chapter=2" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">II: Thinking and Learning</a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report?chapter=3" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">III: EDGE and RTOS</a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report?chapter=4" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">IV: Communication and Connectivity</a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report?chapter=5" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">V: Security</a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report?chapter=6" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">VI: Tech Stack</a> </h3></main><h2>Leadership Interviews</h2><h3 dir="ltr">Interview with Mouser <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-building-trust-in-autonomous-driving-navigating-future-reliability-and-milestone-achievements" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Interview with Murata&nbsp;</a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-the-role-of-pcb-in-shaping-autonomous-vehicle-development/draft" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-the-role-of-pcb-in-shaping-autonomous-vehicle-development" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Interview with MacroFab</a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-exploring-the-future-of-high-performance-computing-in-autonomous-vehicles/draft" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-exploring-the-future-of-high-performance-computing-in-autonomous-vehicles" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Interview with Nexperia</a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-driving-global-standards/draft" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-driving-global-standards" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Interview with SAE International</a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-advancing-open-source-development-in-the-automotive-industry/draft" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-advancing-open-source-development-in-the-automotive-industry" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Interview with Autoware Foundation</a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-insights-from-nvidia-about-artifical-intelligence-in-avs/draft" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-insights-from-nvidia-about-artifical-intelligence-in-avs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Interview with NVIDIA</a></h3>

Sponsor interview with Mark Patrick, the Director of Technical Content, EMEA at Mouser Electronics.

2023 Autonomous Vehicle Report Interview: Accelerating AV Development Through Customer Collaboration

<h1 id="isPasted">2023 Autonomous Vehicle Report</h1>In 2020, Wevolver launched its first <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2020.autonomous.vehicle.technology.report" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Autonomous Vehicle Report</a> that provided a comprehensive knowledge foundation about the technologies enabling autonomous cars. We are now pleased to launch a new report that surveys the advances in this arena over the last three years. Further, we provide a snapshot comparison of four leading AV companies, their tech stacks, and approaches to understand how these technologies are applied in actual use cases. The report is augmented with interviews with the report sponsors, who provide deeper insights into the current state of autonomous vehicles, highlighting their priorities, challenges, and leadership objectives.&nbsp;The report examines autonomy from the perspective of passenger vehicles, following the approach of the previous report. However, many of the technologies mentioned are also relevant for other autonomous vehicle types that are making a significant impact in industries and applications such as last-mile delivery, warehouse and logistics, agriculture, mining, search and rescue, and healthcare.&nbsp;To create this report, we interviewed dozens of industry experts and collaborated with technical researchers and writers from around the world. We have attempted to cover all relevant technologies; however, due to space constraints, we had to limit some areas.&nbsp;This report was made possible by the generous support of its sponsors, the tireless effort of the Wevolver team, the expertise and generosity of our consulting experts, and the attention to detail of our writers, researchers, and designers.We hope you find value in this report, and we look forward to continuing to make this critical knowledge available for all.<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzAwODIwOTIwMDE1LU1pdHN1YmlzaGkgQ2hlbWljYWwgR3JvdXAgIEdyb3d0aCBHYXJhZ2UgIE9wZW4gSW5ub3ZhdGlvbiBQcm9ncmFtICg2OTQgeCA0MzIgcHgpICg5MDEgeCA1NjEgcHgpLnBuZyIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTUwLCJmaXQiOiJjb3ZlciJ9fX0=" style="width: 300px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><iframe width="540" height="450" src="https://c8056756.sibforms.com/serve/MUIFAMBWtqlAziu5EwFUIjLCWmRdzCiwOJRx3R3LyYkfG1dfYIvOKLn1dfBY8M58jYUZY8sQm7DnIOmrBjZ93ycsAv4ICzMbRD95I3S4FIWFM6EU4i3C7yzFNYn-Kfm0vJN96NgNO2_w4BQcrnOEwEVShkElbpBLjOT3ARKFBFADGHd-PDjMwJZI5avI3TUfr-xTC_fVunqO5MKo" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" allowfullscreen="" style="display: block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;max-width: 100%;" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</iframe><h2>Report Contributors</h2>Cassiano Ferro MoraesFlorianópolis, BrazilTechnical writer with an electrical engineering background and over five years of experience writing articles about electronics, renewable energy, and electric vehicles. Published multiple articles in IEEE explore, including publications in some of the most recognized conferences and journals of the power electronics industry. Vast experience writing articles in the field of electronics, renewable energy, power converters, hardware-in-the-loop, and electric vehicles at Write Choice.&nbsp;Dr. Miroslav MilovanovicNiš, SerbiaAssistant professor at the Faculty of Electronic Engineering, holding a PhD in Computer Science and Electrotechnics. Leader of the Laboratory for Intelligent Control within the Control Systems Department. Author of over 45 scientific publications, centered on Data Science and Deep Learning applications.Gustavo BruismaPato Branco, BrazilElectrical Engineer graduated at the Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR) with MSc. degree in the same field with a deep focus on control systems for electric vehicles. Vast experience writing articles in the field of electronics, renewable energy, power converters, hardware-in-the-loop, and electric vehicles at Write Choice.&nbsp;Ana Carla SorgatoFlorianópolis, BrazilEnvironmental and Sanitary Engineer graduated at the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) with a MSc. in Environmental Engineering from UFSC. Currently pursuing a Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering at the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) and writing articles about renewable energy, electric vehicles, and engineering at Write Choice.Ian DicksonLondon, United KingdomFreelance automotive journalist and editor with more than two decades’ experience in consumer media and branded content. Cutting his teeth as a road tester on What Car? – where he learnt the art of turning the complex into the simple – he quickly moved through the ranks and ended up editor of MSN Cars, at the time the UK’s largest motoring website. For the past 10 years, he’s been creating and developing content and strategies for brands like Porsche, Ferrari, Volvo Cars and HERE Technologies.Samir JaberLeipzig, GermanyContent Specialist with a background in engineering, nanotechnology, and scientific research. Samir has comprehensive experience working with major engineering and technology companies as a writer, editor, and digital marketing consultant. Featured author in 30+ industrial magazines with a focus on IoT, nanotechnology, materials science, engineering, and sustainability. Samir is also an award-winning engineering researcher in the fields of nanofabrication and microfluidics. Editor-in-Chief of the Wevovler 2023 Edge AI Report.Danny ShapiroRedwood City, United StatesDanny Shapiro is NVIDIA’s Vice President of Automotive, focusing on solutions that enable faster and better design of automobiles, as well as in-vehicle solutions for infotainment, navigation and driver assistance. He's a 25-year veteran of the computer graphics and semiconductor industries, and has been with NVIDIA since 2009. Prior to NVIDIA, Danny served in marketing, business development and engineering roles at ATI, 3Dlabs, Silicon Graphics and Digital Equipment. He holds a BSE in electrical engineering and computer science from Princeton University and an MBA from the Hass School of Business at UC Berkeley. He lives in Northern California, where his home solar panel system charges his electric car.Alexander WischnewskiMunich, GermanyManaging Director and Co-Founder of, driveblocks, a modular, scalable, robust and safe platform for autonomous driving with a focus on commercial vehicle applications. Former PhD lead for the TUM Autonomous Motorsport team.&nbsp;Matteo BaraleMilan, ItalyCo-CEO of autonomous mobility startup, PIX MOVING. Design strategy expert with experience in robotics, industrial design, transportation, architecture, titled Technology Pioneer by World Economic Forum.&nbsp;David WebbLondon, United KingdomHead of Innovation at Centre for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles. David Webb is Head of Innovation for the UK Government’s Centre for Connected &amp; Autonomous Vehicles. CCAV works across government to support the UK’s developing connected and automated vehicle market. CCAV believes that CAVS could change the way we travel, making road transport safer, smoother and more accessible to all. David has a Masters in Aerospace Engineering from Queen Mary, University of London and has spent the last 10 years working for the Ministry of Defence in a variety of technical, analytical and engagement roles.&nbsp;John SoldatosAthens, GreeceHonorary Research Fellow at the University of GlasgowJohn Soldatos holds a Ph.D. in Electrical &amp; Computer Engineering from the National Technical University of Athens (2000) and is currently an Honorary Research Fellow at the University of Glasgow, UK (2014-present). He was Associate Professor and Head of the Internet of Things (IoT) Group at the Athens Information Technology (AIT), Greece (2006–2019), and Adjunct Professor at the Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA (2007–2010).&nbsp;He has significant experience working closely with large multi-national industries (e.g., IBM, INTRACOM, INTRASOFT International) as an R&amp;D consultant and delivery specialist while being a scientific advisor to various high-tech startup enterprises. Dr. Soldatos is an expert in Internet-of-Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies and applications, including IoT/AI applications in smart cities, finance (Finance 4.0), and industry (Industry 4.0).&nbsp;Jess MileyBerlin, Germany&nbsp;Content Director at WevolverContent specialist with a background in architecture and design. Jess has experience working with neuro-tech startups, animated video studios, and news sites as a writer, editor, and business innovation consultant.&nbsp;The text was further contributed to by our report sponsors and partner.&nbsp;<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzAxMTE4ODczNjgzLXNwb25zb3JzIGxvZ29zLnBuZyIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTUwLCJmaXQiOiJjb3ZlciJ9fX0=" style="width: 300px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><h3 dir="ltr" id="isPasted">Click through to read each of the report's chapters.</h3>2023 Autonomous Vehicle ReportAutonomous Vehicle Introduction<a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-sensing-technologies/draft" target="_blank">Chapter 1: Sensing Technologies</a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-thinking-and-learning/draft" target="_blank">Chapter 2: Thinking and Learning</a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-edge-computing-and-real-time-operating-systems-for-autonomous-vehicles/draft" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Chapter 3: Edge Computing and Real-time Operating Systems for Autonomous Vehicles</a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-communication-and-connectivity/draft" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Chapter 4: Communication and Connectivity</a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-security/draft" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Chapter 5: Security</a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-tech-stack-review/draft" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Chapter 6: Autonomous Vehicle Tech Stack Review</a>Leadership Interviews<a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-accelerating-av-development-through-customer-collaboration/draft" target="_blank">Interview with Mouser&nbsp;</a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-building-trust-in-autonomous-driving-navigating-future-reliability-and-milestone-achievements/draft" target="_blank">Interview with Murata&nbsp;</a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-the-role-of-pcb-in-shaping-autonomous-vehicle-development/draft" target="_blank">Interview with MacroFab</a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-exploring-the-future-of-high-performance-computing-in-autonomous-vehicles/draft" target="_blank">Interview with Nexperia</a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-driving-global-standards/draft" target="_blank">Interview with SAE International</a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-advancing-open-source-development-in-the-automotive-industry/draft" target="_blank">Interview with Autoware Foundation</a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-insights-from-nvidia-about-artifical-intelligence-in-avs/draft" target="_blank">Interview with NVIDIA</a>

<h1 id="isPasted">2023 Autonomous Vehicle Report</h1>In 2020, Wevolver launched its first <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2020.autonomous.vehicle.technology.report" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Autonomous Vehicle Report</a> that provided a comprehensive knowledge foundation about the technologies enabling autonomous cars. We are now pleased to launch a new report that surveys the advances in this arena over the last three years. Further, we provide a snapshot comparison of four leading AV companies, their tech stacks, and approaches to understand how these technologies are applied in actual use cases. The report is augmented with interviews with the report sponsors, who provide deeper insights into the current state of autonomous vehicles, highlighting their priorities, challenges, and leadership objectives.&nbsp;The report examines autonomy from the perspective of passenger vehicles, following the approach of the previous report. However, many of the technologies mentioned are also relevant for other autonomous vehicle types that are making a significant impact in industries and applications such as last-mile delivery, warehouse and logistics, agriculture, mining, search and rescue, and healthcare.&nbsp;To create this report, we interviewed dozens of industry experts and collaborated with technical researchers and writers from around the world. We have attempted to cover all relevant technologies; however, due to space constraints, we had to limit some areas.&nbsp;This report was made possible by the generous support of its sponsors, the tireless effort of the Wevolver team, the expertise and generosity of our consulting experts, and the attention to detail of our writers, researchers, and designers.We hope you find value in this report, and we look forward to continuing to make this critical knowledge available for all.<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzAwODIwOTIwMDE1LU1pdHN1YmlzaGkgQ2hlbWljYWwgR3JvdXAgIEdyb3d0aCBHYXJhZ2UgIE9wZW4gSW5ub3ZhdGlvbiBQcm9ncmFtICg2OTQgeCA0MzIgcHgpICg5MDEgeCA1NjEgcHgpLnBuZyIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTUwLCJmaXQiOiJjb3ZlciJ9fX0=" style="width: 300px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><iframe width="540" height="450" src="https://c8056756.sibforms.com/serve/MUIFAMBWtqlAziu5EwFUIjLCWmRdzCiwOJRx3R3LyYkfG1dfYIvOKLn1dfBY8M58jYUZY8sQm7DnIOmrBjZ93ycsAv4ICzMbRD95I3S4FIWFM6EU4i3C7yzFNYn-Kfm0vJN96NgNO2_w4BQcrnOEwEVShkElbpBLjOT3ARKFBFADGHd-PDjMwJZI5avI3TUfr-xTC_fVunqO5MKo" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" allowfullscreen="" style="display: block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;max-width: 100%;" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</iframe><h2>Report Contributors</h2>Cassiano Ferro MoraesFlorianópolis, BrazilTechnical writer with an electrical engineering background and over five years of experience writing articles about electronics, renewable energy, and electric vehicles. Published multiple articles in IEEE explore, including publications in some of the most recognized conferences and journals of the power electronics industry. Vast experience writing articles in the field of electronics, renewable energy, power converters, hardware-in-the-loop, and electric vehicles at Write Choice.&nbsp;Dr. Miroslav MilovanovicNiš, SerbiaAssistant professor at the Faculty of Electronic Engineering, holding a PhD in Computer Science and Electrotechnics. Leader of the Laboratory for Intelligent Control within the Control Systems Department. Author of over 45 scientific publications, centered on Data Science and Deep Learning applications.Gustavo BruismaPato Branco, BrazilElectrical Engineer graduated at the Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR) with MSc. degree in the same field with a deep focus on control systems for electric vehicles. Vast experience writing articles in the field of electronics, renewable energy, power converters, hardware-in-the-loop, and electric vehicles at Write Choice.&nbsp;Ana Carla SorgatoFlorianópolis, BrazilEnvironmental and Sanitary Engineer graduated at the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) with a MSc. in Environmental Engineering from UFSC. Currently pursuing a Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering at the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) and writing articles about renewable energy, electric vehicles, and engineering at Write Choice.Ian DicksonLondon, United KingdomFreelance automotive journalist and editor with more than two decades’ experience in consumer media and branded content. Cutting his teeth as a road tester on What Car? – where he learnt the art of turning the complex into the simple – he quickly moved through the ranks and ended up editor of MSN Cars, at the time the UK’s largest motoring website. For the past 10 years, he’s been creating and developing content and strategies for brands like Porsche, Ferrari, Volvo Cars and HERE Technologies.Samir JaberLeipzig, GermanyContent Specialist with a background in engineering, nanotechnology, and scientific research. Samir has comprehensive experience working with major engineering and technology companies as a writer, editor, and digital marketing consultant. Featured author in 30+ industrial magazines with a focus on IoT, nanotechnology, materials science, engineering, and sustainability. Samir is also an award-winning engineering researcher in the fields of nanofabrication and microfluidics. Editor-in-Chief of the Wevovler 2023 Edge AI Report.Danny ShapiroRedwood City, United StatesDanny Shapiro is NVIDIA’s Vice President of Automotive, focusing on solutions that enable faster and better design of automobiles, as well as in-vehicle solutions for infotainment, navigation and driver assistance. He's a 25-year veteran of the computer graphics and semiconductor industries, and has been with NVIDIA since 2009. Prior to NVIDIA, Danny served in marketing, business development and engineering roles at ATI, 3Dlabs, Silicon Graphics and Digital Equipment. He holds a BSE in electrical engineering and computer science from Princeton University and an MBA from the Hass School of Business at UC Berkeley. He lives in Northern California, where his home solar panel system charges his electric car.Alexander WischnewskiMunich, GermanyManaging Director and Co-Founder of, driveblocks, a modular, scalable, robust and safe platform for autonomous driving with a focus on commercial vehicle applications. Former PhD lead for the TUM Autonomous Motorsport team.&nbsp;Matteo BaraleMilan, ItalyCo-CEO of autonomous mobility startup, PIX MOVING. Design strategy expert with experience in robotics, industrial design, transportation, architecture, titled Technology Pioneer by World Economic Forum.&nbsp;David WebbLondon, United KingdomHead of Innovation at Centre for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles. David Webb is Head of Innovation for the UK Government’s Centre for Connected &amp; Autonomous Vehicles. CCAV works across government to support the UK’s developing connected and automated vehicle market. CCAV believes that CAVS could change the way we travel, making road transport safer, smoother and more accessible to all. David has a Masters in Aerospace Engineering from Queen Mary, University of London and has spent the last 10 years working for the Ministry of Defence in a variety of technical, analytical and engagement roles.&nbsp;John SoldatosAthens, GreeceHonorary Research Fellow at the University of GlasgowJohn Soldatos holds a Ph.D. in Electrical &amp; Computer Engineering from the National Technical University of Athens (2000) and is currently an Honorary Research Fellow at the University of Glasgow, UK (2014-present). He was Associate Professor and Head of the Internet of Things (IoT) Group at the Athens Information Technology (AIT), Greece (2006–2019), and Adjunct Professor at the Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA (2007–2010).&nbsp;He has significant experience working closely with large multi-national industries (e.g., IBM, INTRACOM, INTRASOFT International) as an R&amp;D consultant and delivery specialist while being a scientific advisor to various high-tech startup enterprises. Dr. Soldatos is an expert in Internet-of-Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies and applications, including IoT/AI applications in smart cities, finance (Finance 4.0), and industry (Industry 4.0).&nbsp;Jess MileyBerlin, Germany&nbsp;Content Director at WevolverContent specialist with a background in architecture and design. Jess has experience working with neuro-tech startups, animated video studios, and news sites as a writer, editor, and business innovation consultant.&nbsp;The text was further contributed to by our report sponsors and partner.&nbsp;<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1701276054993-Untitled+%28600+x+200+px%29+%281%29.png" style="width: 300px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><h2 id="isPasted">Leadership Interviews</h2><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-accelerating-av-development-through-customer-collaboration" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Interview with Mouser </a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-building-trust-in-autonomous-driving-navigating-future-reliability-and-milestone-achievements" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Interview with Murata </a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-the-role-of-pcb-in-shaping-autonomous-vehicle-development" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Interview with MacroFab</a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-exploring-the-future-of-high-performance-computing-in-autonomous-vehicles" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Interview with Nexperia</a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-driving-global-standards" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Interview with SAE International</a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-advancing-open-source-development-in-the-automotive-industry" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Interview with Autoware Foundation</a><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/2023-autonomous-vehicle-report-interview-insights-from-nvidia-about-artifical-intelligence-in-avs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Interview with NVIDIA</a>

Introduction

Sensing Technologies

Thinking and Learning

EDGE and RTOS

Communication and Connectivity

Security

Tech Stack

Examining the latest developments in self-driving vehicles.

2023 Autonomous Vehicle Technology Report

<a href="https://precisiebeurs.nl/home-en/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">The Precision Fair 2024</a>, held on November 13 and 14, 2024, at the Brabanthallen in 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands, was a significant event in the field of precision technology. This fair served as a crucial platform for the entire precision technology value chain, emphasizing the importance of this technology as a stable foundation for many devices and components in our daily lives.&nbsp;Precision technology&nbsp;involves the development, production, and assembly of complex products requiring very high accuracy. Think, for example, of products such as microchips, microscopes, measuring equipment, and robots.During its 22nd edition, the Precision Fair facilitated meetings, collaborations, and knowledge sharing, which are essential to keep pace with rapid technological advancements.&nbsp;The event featured six main topics: Mechatronic Engineering Systems, Metrology, Vacuum &amp; Clean, Micro Processing, Motion &amp; Laser Photonics, and Production for High Precision. These topics allowed visitors to engage with experts and explore solutions in these cutting-edge areas.The Precision Fair has consistently played a pivotal role in bringing together various stakeholders in the precision technology sector to collaborate on the next generation of technological innovations. The event was organized by Mikrocentrum and supported by various media partners, underlining its significance in the industry.<iframe width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/2NDTXiOq_C4?&amp;feature=youtu.be&amp;wmode=opaque&amp;rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" class="fr-draggable"></iframe> <h2 dir="ltr">Highlights from the Precision Fair 2023</h2>Highlights from the 2-day event included:<h3 dir="ltr">Innovative Deburring Machines&nbsp;</h3>Dieter Munz, Director of Ultratec Innovation GmbH, presented deburring machines equipped with a robotic system for 24/7 workpiece loading. This innovation highlighted the strides in automation and manufacturing efficiency.<h3 dir="ltr">European Semiconductor Market Insights</h3>Dr. Theresa Spaan-Burke from VDMA EMINT provided valuable insights into the European semiconductor market, discussing its business climate and future outlook, which is crucial for understanding industry trends.<h3 dir="ltr">Digital Transformation in Precision Machines</h3>Mauro Fusco, Senior Application Engineer at The MathWorks BV, discussed the integration of digital technologies in precision machines, emphasizing the importance of digital transformation in enhancing machine performance.<h3 dir="ltr">The Power of Precision</h3>Frank Loobeek from <a href="https://mifa.eu/en" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Mifa Aluminium BV</a> highlighted the significance of precision in manufacturing, focusing on how precision impacts product quality and performance.<h3 dir="ltr">Advancements in Metal Additive Manufacturing</h3>Rob van Loon from <a href="https://www.kmwe.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">KMWE Precision BV</a> explored the challenges and solutions in metal additive manufacturing, particularly focusing on the impact of tolerances on manufacturability and cost.<h3 dir="ltr">Data-Driven Design Improvement</h3>Dr. Willem Dijkstra from VDL ETG presented on the use of data analytics in improving the design and reliability of precision components, showcasing the potential of data-driven approaches in precision engineering.<h1 dir="ltr">Young Talent Award Winners</h1>New innovations will be driven by the next generation, which is why Mikrocentrum offers young talent and their budding technology projects a stage there through its Young Talent Program.&nbsp;Start-ups and student teams send in a 30-second pitch about their technology or product and hold a three-minute pitch on the day itself. A jury composed of Bert-Jan Woertman, the Director of Mikrocentrum, and Richard Hulskes, Co-founder of Wevolver, among others, decide the winners based on factors such as the design and substantiation underpinning the presented innovation.<h3 dir="ltr">2024 Young Talent Award Winners&nbsp;</h3><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/mikrocentrum/" target="_blank">Mikrocentrum</a> presented the Young Talent Award to <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/project-march/" target="_blank">Project MARCH</a> and <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/wevolver/" target="_blank">Wevolver</a> to <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/team-polar/" target="_blank">Team POLAR</a>. Both teams make real social impact with their solutions.Project March creates exoskeletons that enable people with spinal cord injuries to have a greater range of motion and movement. &nbsp;help people with spinal cord injuries.&nbsp;<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzAwNDc1NjU0OTQxLTNELU1vZGVsLW9mLU1hcmNoLUlWLmpwZyIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTUwLCJmaXQiOiJjb3ZlciJ9fX0=" style="width: 300px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">Concept of the exoskeleton. Image: Project March.&nbsp;Team Polar aims to venture into the unexplored territories of the Antarctic with an autonomous and sustainable vehicle. They want to enable global accessibility of Antarctic research via a modular research platform, detecting new routes, and doing this all in an economical, safe and environmentally-friendly way.&nbsp;Team Polar won $5000 worth of media support from Wevolver. Stay tuned for more articles about this innovative group soon!

The Precision Fair 2023 served as a platform for professionals to share knowledge, explore new ideas, and witness the latest technological advancements, underlining the sector's vital role in various industries and scientific research.

Precision Fair Trade Show showcases young talent enabling autonomous Antarctic research

<h2 dir="ltr" id="isPasted">FREE REPORT:&nbsp; Reducing Human Driver Error and Setting Realistic Expectations with Advanced Driver Assistance Systems</h2>Thousands die or are injured each year in automobile crashes. Bringing automated driving systems technologies into the advanced driver assist systems (ADAS) and connected vehicle space will help humans drive more safely and better prepare us for automated vehicles (AVs).Learn more about ADAS and ADS implementation with the goal of reaching zero deaths and serious injuries by downloading this FREE report from SAE International (valued at $50).&nbsp;<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzAwNzUxMTA4Nzg1LVJlZHVjaW5nIEh1bWFuIERyaXZlciBFcnJvciBhbmQgU2V0dGluZyBSZWFsaXN0aWMgRXhwZWN0YXRpb25zIHdpdGggQWR2YW5jZWQgRHJpdmVyIEFzc2lzdGFuY2UgU3lzdGVtcy5wbmciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjk1MCwiZml0IjoiY292ZXIifX19" style="width: 300px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"> <iframe src="https://c8056756.sibforms.com/serve/MUIFAMdP0A_OGmbm1FBUdHG4Kch9Yvcfk0o7_Lq0Ywvq_bW5DACvNKJTxu581PWdSkLw1Lzm_3zXkKgpDQ0qa9wZF0aMleCF9Dht6uXrWjeRGuMlIbLAG00tAE1k1Zj9J3qZyOnF08P7PZYck76ldPDyWzCbrD6Tvrokkm59XTxP7P4hV7Gz2fXT6er4g7NK0E8nq6obPbX1dAqy" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" allowfullscreen="" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; max-width: 100%; width: 540px; height: 460px;" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true"></iframe> <hr><h2 dir="ltr">Robot taxis slow to roll out</h2>The driverless ride-hail services currently in operation, Waymo and GM-owned Cruise, lately have been in the news, and not usually for positive reasons. So seems an appropriate time to offer an overview of the only two commercial robotaxi operations available for public use, as well as my firsthand experience with their efforts.Despite repeated annual promises from Elon Musk that Tesla owners would be able to send out their vehicles to earn money as robotaxis, the leading EV manufacturer is not much closer to delivering this capability than it was in 2016. Instead, as of September, 2023, we currently have only Waymo and Cruise offering fully driverless ride-hailing services on public roads.Waymo has offered paid driverless rides to members of the public in Chandler, AZ since October 2020 and has since expanded to virtually the entire Phoenix metropolitan area. This summer, the California Public Utilities Commission granted permits to Waymo and General Motors-owned Cruise to launch 24/7 fared operations throughout the city of San Francisco. Waymo started its service there in mid-August.Cruise launched its paid service that covers about one-third of San Francisco during nighttime hours in June 2022. Last December, Cruise expanded into the Phoenix suburbs and Austin, Texas. Readers probably have heard about the Cruise’s challenges in San Francisco: groups of its vehicles stuck on the same block, confused robotaxis obstructing traffic, delaying emergency services and driving into wet concrete. This has led to Cruise cutting the San Francisco fleet of 200-plus vehicles in half while the company addresses the problems.<h2>Is the novelty worth the wait?</h2>In Austin, which I visited in June and September 2023, Cruise operates a much smaller fleet, as it is expanding test operations to 10 U.S. cities. It is holding off on building more Chevy Bolt-based robotaxis while it waits on National Highway Traffic Admin. (NHTSA) approval for the company’s purpose-built Origin. Rides are available on any given night between 8 p.m. and 5:30 a.m. During this time, there are around 8 or 10 driverless Bolts roaming the city north of the Colorado River waiting for passengers.<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzAwMDU3NzMxMzU3LUhTQi1ibG9nLWhlYWRlci0yLmpwZyIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTUwLCJmaXQiOiJjb3ZlciJ9fX0=" style="width: 300px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">Small fleets mean long wait times. Image: Cruise.Hailing a ride is very much like requesting an Uber or Lyft. You enter your destination in Cruise’s smartphone app and in a minute or two, it will tell you when the robotaxi is expected to arrive. That’s where the problem starts. The small fleet means you may be waiting considerably longer for a pickup than you would a conventional ride-hail. For the first ride on my most recent trip, arrival took nearly 25 minutes, a problem exacerbated by extremely convoluted routing. At one point I observed exactly what added five minutes to my wait time: I could see the car a block away and watched it turn to loop another six blocks instead of driving straight toward me.Once onboard, the routes were equally complex for no discernible reason. Returning from the University of Texas campus to my hotel, Google Maps came up with a route with an estimated drive time of seven minutes. The Cruise route had many seemingly unnecessary turns that took the car further from the destination before turning in the right direction. It ultimately took about 27 minutes to arrive despite no traffic. While having automated vehicles use maneuvers such as three right turns to avoid an “unprotected” left turn is reasonable from a safety-optimization standpoint, turning off a major one-way thoroughfare with no traffic to instead loop through a neighborhood seemingly adds risk.The Cruise vehicles I rode in never did anything particularly unsafe, although the path planning did result in some unusually wide turns. At one point, we passed another Cruise vehicle stalled in the middle of the road with its hazard lights flashing. Since my previous ride in June, Cruise has expanded the pickup and drop-off locations in Austin, so I didn’t have to walk six blocks to get a ride. At this point, however, the inconvenience of long waits and extended rides means I wouldn’t recommend the service for anything more than a novelty for someone who wants to experience one possible version of our new mobility future.This article was written by Sam Abuelsamid.

Cruise robotaxi on the job in San Francisco. (Cruise)

Cruise and Waymo have proven fully-automated ride-hail technology can work in certain conditions, but the services remain more a novelty than a competitive alternative.

Are robotaxis ready for prime time?

With a slew of impressive properties, transition metal carbides, generally referred to as MXenes, are exciting nanomaterials being explored in the energy storage sector. MXenes are two-dimensional materials that consist of flakes as thin as a few nanometers. Their outstanding mechanical strength, ultrahigh surface-to-volume ratio, and superior electrochemical stability make them promising candidates as supercapacitors—that is, as long as they can be arranged in 3D architectures where there is a sufficient volume of nanomaterials and their large surfaces are available for reactions.During processing, MXenes tend to restack, compromising accessibility and impeding the performance of individual flakes, thereby diminishing some of their significant advantages. To circumvent this obstacle. <a href="https://engineering.cmu.edu/directory/bios/panat-rahul.html" target="_blank">Rahul Panat</a> and <a href="https://engineering.cmu.edu/directory/bios/ozdoganlar-burak.html" target="_blank">Burak Ozdoganlar</a>, along with Ph.D. candidate Mert Arslanoglu, from the Mechanical Engineering Department at Carnegie Mellon University have developed an entirely new material system that arranges 2D MXene nanosheets into a 3D structure. This is accomplished by infiltrating MXene into a porous ceramic scaffold, or backbone. The ceramic backbone is fabricated using the freeze-casting technique, which produces open-pore structures with controlled pore dimensions and pore directionality.<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNjk5NDk4OTY1NTUzLTExMDItZW0tMi1teGVuZS1iYWNrYm9uZS5wbmciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjk1MCwiZml0IjoiY292ZXIifX19" style="width: 766px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">A MXene infiltrated porous silica sample with a zoomed in 3D figure showing the thin-layer coating of internal pore surfaces by MXene flakes while preserving the structural porosity. A high-magnification back-scattered SEM image of an infiltrated sample shows the thin-layer MXene coating“We are able to infiltrate MXene flakes dispersed in a solvent into a freeze-cast porous ceramic structure,” explained Panat, a professor of <a href="https://www.meche.engineering.cmu.edu/index.html" rel="noopener" target="_blank" id="isPasted">mechanical engineering</a>. “As the system dries, the 2D MXene flakes uniformly coat the internal surfaces of the interconnected pores of the ceramic without losing any essential attributes.”<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNjk5NDk4OTk0NjQ0LTExMDItZW0tbXhlbmUtYmFja2JvbmUucG5nIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjo5NTAsImZpdCI6ImNvdmVyIn19fQ==" style="width: 300px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">“Sandwich-type” two-electrode MXene supercapacitor powers LED light.As described in <a href="https://engineering.cmu.edu/news-events/news/2022/08/02-3d-ice.html" target="_blank">their earlier publication</a>, the solvent used in their freeze-casting approach is a chemical called camphene, which produces tree-like dendritic structures when frozen. Other types of pore distributions can also be obtained by using different solvents.To test the samples, the team constructed “sandwich-type” two-electrode supercapacitors and connected them to an LED light with an operating voltage of 2.5V. The supercapacitors successfully powered the light with higher power density and energy density values than previously obtained for any MXene-based supercapacitors.“Not only have we demonstrated an exceptional way to utilize MXene, we’ve done so in a way that is reproducible and scalable,” said Ozdoganlar, also a professor of mechanical engineering. “Our new material system can be mass-manufactured at desired dimensions to be used in commercial devices. We believe this can have a tremendous impact on energy storage devices, and thus, on applications such as electric vehicles.”<blockquote>Our new material system can be mass-manufactured o be used in commercial devices. We believe it can have a tremendous impact on energy storage devices.<cite>Burak Ozdoganlar, <cite id="isPasted">Professor<cite>, Mechanical Engineering</cite></cite> </cite></blockquote>With outstanding experimental results and electrical conductivity that can be finely tuned by controlling the MXene concentration and the porosity of the backbone, this material system, recently described in an article published in <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.202304757" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Advanced Materials</a>, has far-reaching potential for batteries, fuel cells, decarbonization systems, and catalytic devices. We may even see an MXene supercapacitor power our electric vehicles one day.“Our approach can be applied to other nano-scale materials, like graphene, and the backbone can be built from materials beyond ceramics, including polymers and metals,” Panat said. “This structure could enable a wide range of emerging and novel technology applications.”

For the first time, researchers have arranged 2D MXene nanosheets into a 3D structure without compromising performance—a technology with the potential to have a tremendous impact on energy storage devices for applications like electric vehicles.

From 2D to 3D: MXene's path to revolutionizing energy storage and more

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PEK AUTOMOTIVE

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In this article, we will dive deep into the world of simultaneous localization and mapping using Lidar technology. Lidar SLAM has been gaining popularity in recent years, thanks to its versatility and applications across various domains, including autonomous vehicles, mobile robotics, and indoor mapping.

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