Imagine you’re visiting a friend abroad, and you look inside their fridge to see what would make for a great breakfast. Many of the items initially appear foreign to you, with each one encased in unfamiliar packaging and containers. Despite these visual distinctions, you begin to understand what each one is used for and pick them up as needed.Inspired by humans' ability to handle unfamiliar objects, a group from MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) designed Feature Fields for Robotic Manipulation (<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.07931" target="_blank">F3RM</a>), a system that blends 2D images with foundation model features into 3D scenes to help robots identify and grasp nearby items. F3RM can interpret open-ended language prompts from humans, making the method helpful in real-world environments that contain thousands of objects, like warehouses and households.F3RM offers robots the ability to interpret open-ended text prompts using natural language, helping the machines manipulate objects. As a result, the machines can understand less-specific requests from humans and still complete the desired task. For example, if a user asks the robot to “pick up a tall mug,” the robot can locate and grab the item that best fits that description.“Making robots that can actually generalize in the real world is incredibly hard,” says Ge Yang, postdoc at the National Science Foundation AI Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Fundamental Interactions and MIT CSAIL. “We really want to figure out how to do that, so with this project, we try to push for an aggressive level of generalization, from just three or four objects to anything we find in MIT’s Stata Center. We wanted to learn how to make robots as flexible as ourselves, since we can grasp and place objects even though we've never seen them before.”<h2>Learning “what’s where by looking”</h2>The method could assist robots with picking items in large fulfillment centers with inevitable clutter and unpredictability. In these warehouses, robots are often given a description of the inventory that they're required to identify. The robots must match the text provided to an object, regardless of variations in packaging, so that customers’ orders are shipped correctly. For example, the fulfillment centers of major online retailers can contain millions of items, many of which a robot will have never encountered before. To operate at such a scale, robots need to understand the geometry and semantics of different items, with some being in tight spaces. With F3RM’s advanced spatial and semantic perception abilities, a robot could become more effective at locating an object, placing it in a bin, and then sending it along for packaging. Ultimately, this would help factory workers ship customers’ orders more efficiently.“One thing that often surprises people with F3RM is that the same system also works on a room and building scale, and can be used to build simulation environments for robot learning and large maps,” says Yang. “But before we scale up this work further, we want to first make this system work really fast. This way, we can use this type of representation for more dynamic robotic control tasks, hopefully in real-time, so that robots that handle more dynamic tasks can use it for perception.”The MIT team notes that F3RM’s ability to understand different scenes could make it useful in urban and household environments. For example, the approach could help personalized robots identify and pick up specific items. The system aids robots in grasping their surroundings — both physically and perceptively.“Visual perception was defined by David Marr as the problem of knowing ‘what is where by looking,’” says senior author Phillip Isola, MIT associate professor of electrical engineering and computer science and CSAIL principal investigator. “Recent foundation models have gotten really good at knowing what they are looking at; they can recognize thousands of object categories and provide detailed text descriptions of images. At the same time, radiance fields have gotten really good at representing where stuff is in a scene. The combination of these two approaches can create a representation of what is where in 3D, and what our work shows is that this combination is especially useful for robotic tasks, which require manipulating objects in 3D.”<h2>Creating a “digital twin”</h2>F3RM begins to understand its surroundings by taking pictures on a selfie stick. The mounted camera snaps 50 images at different poses, enabling it to build a <a href="https://www.matthewtancik.com/nerf" target="_blank">neural radiance field</a> (NeRF), a deep learning method that takes 2D images to construct a 3D scene. This collage of RGB photos creates a “digital twin” of its surroundings in the form of a 360-degree representation of what’s nearby.In addition to a highly detailed neural radiance field, F3RM also builds a feature field to augment geometry with semantic information. The system uses&nbsp;<a href="https://openai.com/research/clip" target="_blank">CLIP</a>, a vision foundation model trained on hundreds of millions of images to efficiently learn visual concepts. By reconstructing the 2D CLIP features for the images taken by the selfie stick, F3RM effectively lifts the 2D features into a 3D representation.<h2>Keeping things open-ended</h2>After receiving a few demonstrations, the robot applies what it knows about geometry and semantics to grasp objects it has never encountered before. Once a user submits a text query, the robot searches through the space of possible grasps to identify those most likely to succeed in picking up the object requested by the user. Each potential option is scored based on its relevance to the prompt, similarity to the demonstrations the robot has been trained on, and if it causes any collisions. The highest-scored grasp is then chosen and executed. To demonstrate the system’s ability to interpret open-ended requests from humans, the researchers prompted the robot to pick up Baymax, a character from Disney’s “Big Hero 6.” While F3RM had never been directly trained to pick up a toy of the cartoon superhero, the robot used its spatial awareness and vision-language features from the foundation models to decide which object to grasp and how to pick it up. F3RM also enables users to specify which object they want the robot to handle at different levels of linguistic detail. For example, if there is a metal mug and a glass mug, the user can ask the robot for the “glass mug.” If the bot sees two glass mugs and one of them is filled with coffee and the other with juice, the user can ask for the “glass mug with coffee.” The foundation model features embedded within the feature field enable this level of open-ended understanding.“If I showed a person how to pick up a mug by the lip, they could easily transfer that knowledge to pick up objects with similar geometries such as bowls, measuring beakers, or even rolls of tape. For robots, achieving this level of adaptability has been quite challenging,” says MIT PhD student, CSAIL affiliate, and co-lead author William Shen. “F3RM combines geometric understanding with semantics from foundation models trained on internet-scale data to enable this level of aggressive generalization from just a small number of demonstrations.” Shen and Yang wrote the paper under the supervision of Isola, with MIT professor and CSAIL principal investigator Leslie Pack Kaelbling and undergraduate students Alan Yu and Jansen Wong as co-authors. The team was supported, in part, by Amazon.com Services, the National Science Foundation, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Office of Naval Research’s Multidisciplinary University Initiative, the Army Research Office, the MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab, and the MIT Quest for Intelligence. Their work will be presented at the 2023 Conference on Robot Learning.

Feature Fields for Robotic Manipulation (F3RM) enables robots to interpret open-ended text prompts using natural language, helping the machines manipulate unfamiliar objects. The system’s 3D feature fields could be helpful in environments that contain thousands of objects, such as warehouses. Images courtesy of the researchers.

By blending 2D images with foundation models to build 3D feature fields, a new MIT method helps robots understand and manipulate nearby objects with open-ended language prompts.

Using language to give robots a better grasp of an open-ended world

&nbsp; Achieving precision is&nbsp;a must&nbsp;in ultrasonic inspections, but&nbsp;it's&nbsp;not always straightforward due to&nbsp;some&nbsp;challenges like interference and noise. These issues can arise from various sources, including surface rust and environmental dust. To address these challenges,&nbsp;there's&nbsp;an exciting development on the horizon: the introduction of ultrasonic testing (UT) UAVs, often referred to as UT drones or UT flying robots. These innovative robots come equipped with&nbsp;state-of-the-art&nbsp;technology and, importantly, enhance safety by&nbsp;eliminating&nbsp;the need for human inspectors to enter high-risk areas.&nbsp;What's more, they have the capability to reach elevated inspection sites, effectively reducing the risks associated with working at heights while ensuring highly accurate results.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;One of the standout players in this field is SKYRON,&nbsp;the&nbsp;intelligent tethered&nbsp;flying&nbsp;robot equipped with a customized 38DL PLUS ultrasonic thickness gauge from Olympus. This technology not only enhances the safety of inspections but also elevates precision. The 38DL PLUS gauge is designed to tackle challenging conditions, whether that involves a rusty surface, a dusty environment,&nbsp;high temperatures, or access to difficult spaces. SKYRON can conduct meticulous inspections even in challenging locations.&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; <img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1699488071311-1699488071311.png" class="fr-fic fr-dii">&nbsp;Moreover, what sets SKYRON apart is its ingenious built-in brush system, integrated into its rotary arm. This system is engineered to smooth rough surfaces and remove debris before an inspection, ensuring clean and&nbsp;accurate&nbsp;readings.&nbsp;It's&nbsp;a critical feature that ensures the reliability of the collected data. Furthermore,&nbsp;there's&nbsp;no need to interrupt the inspection process to change the brush head since&nbsp;it's&nbsp;seamlessly integrated into SKYRON's rotary arm. Additionally, before each inspection, SKYRON&nbsp;applies&nbsp;couplant&nbsp;gel, further streamlining the process.&nbsp;SKYRON brings even more improvements to the table. It boasts a continuous power supply, allowing it to fly for an unlimited duration, which is particularly&nbsp;advantageous&nbsp;for projects&nbsp;where&nbsp;relying on batteries would be inconvenient. The constant power supply also enables a higher payload capacity,&nbsp;facilitating&nbsp;the integration of various sensors, including advanced NDT,&nbsp;DFT,&nbsp;PAUT,&nbsp;and an array of robotic features.&nbsp;SKYRON is not just a UAV;&nbsp;it's&nbsp;a versatile platform that can seamlessly incorporate various sensors and features. It ensures safe and secure operations, minimizing the risk of unexpected issues during flights. Moreover, it guarantees&nbsp;accurate&nbsp;contact-based inspections of critical structures. SKYRON&nbsp;can fly,&nbsp;attach&nbsp;and measure multiple assets, capturing precise thickness measurements and conducting corrosion checks. What truly sets it apart is its adaptability, making it highly effective in challenging environments, and demanding conditions where&nbsp;maintaining&nbsp;a clear line of sight can be a challenge. In summary, SKYRON stands as a valuable&nbsp;tool&nbsp;for addressing a variety of inspection challenges and spearheading a new era of ultrasonic precision.&nbsp;In conclusion, SKYRON, equipped with its remarkable 38DL PLUS ultrasonic thickness gauge and ingenious built-in brush system,&nbsp;embodies&nbsp;the future of ultrasonic inspections. The seamless integration of these advanced features not only enhances the safety of inspections but also ensures the highest level of precision, regardless of the conditions. SKYRON&nbsp;doesn't&nbsp;just&nbsp;prepares&nbsp;a new era of ultrasonic precision; it serves as a shining example of what's possible when technology and innovation join forces. With its adaptability and versatility,&nbsp;it&nbsp;is ready&nbsp;to tackle a wide array of inspection challenges and&nbsp;help to&nbsp;redefine the standards of excellence in the field. As the skies&nbsp;open up&nbsp;to these remarkable flying robots.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Achieving precision is a must in ultrasonic inspections, but it's not always straightforward

Advancing Ultrasonic Inspections

At EPFL's&nbsp;<a href="https://www.epfl.ch/labs/create/" target="_blank">CREATE lab</a>, under the guidance of Josie Hughes, a breakthrough has been made in the realm of soft robotics. Drawing inspiration from the versatile movement of elephant trunks and octopus tentacles, the team introduced the trimmed helicoid — a novel robotic structure that promises greater compliance and control in robotic designs. With a blend of keen biological observation and computational modeling, the researchers have now unveiled a soft robot arm capable of intricate tasks, ensuring safer human-robot interactions. The findings, detailing both the structure and methodology, are a collaboration with the Department of Cognitive Robotics at TU Delft and were published in Nature's new journal, npj Robotics.Professor Hughes highlighted the importance of this development: "Through the invention of a new architectured structure, the trimmed helicoid, we've designed a robot arm that excels in control, range of motion, and safety. When the novel architecture is combined with distributed actuation— where multiple actuators are placed throughout a structure or device—this robot arm has a vast range of motion, high precision, and is inherently safe for human interaction."Whereas traditional robots are rigid, often making them unsuitable for delicate tasks or close human interactions, CREATE's soft robot arm is designed for safer interactions with humans and adaptability to a wider range of tasks. With an unprecedented combination of flexibility and precision, the soft and compliant nature of the arm reduces potential risks during human-robot interactions. This opens doors for its application in healthcare, elderly care, and more. Unlike their rigid counterparts, the soft robot arm can adapt to different shapes and surfaces, making it an ideal tool for intricate tasks like picking fruits or handling fragile items. In industry, it might become the go-to solution for delicate assembly lines, working alongside humans, augmenting their capacity instead of replacing them. The agricultural industry could also benefit from its gentle touch in handling crops, accompanying workers to lessen their workload during intense harvesting periods.The crux of the research lies in the robotic arm’s novel architecture. The researchers have creatively modified a spring-like spiral, which they call a 'helicoid', by trimming parts of it to give it diverse functionalities. This seemingly simple act has allowed them to precisely control how flexible or stiff the spiral becomes in different directions. By adjusting its shape, they can make the inner part resistant to being squashed and the outer part flexible enough to bend easily. With this special design, they've created a soft robot that can move and act in ways previously unseen, showing the kind of dexterity and soft touch found in nature, like in an elephant's trunk or an octopus's tentacle."By observing these animals and developing a novel architectured structure, we aim to mimic this range of motion and control found in Nature," Josie Hughesnoted. To do so, the team employed advanced computer modeling to turn observations into tangible results. Using these models, they iteratively tested their innovative spiral designs — into a final trimmed helicoid shape. Qinghua Guan and Francesco Stella, who spearheaded the actual creation of the robot, gave insights into the design and optimization process: "We introduce a specific surface into the computer model, then trim and adjust. Computational methods guide us, helping assess the optimal geometric structure for maximum workspace and compliance." The result? A robotic creation, drawing from nature, but refined with precise human ingenuity and computer modeling. “In the end, our computer models were accurate to the point where we only had to build one version of the arm.”The advancements at EPFL's CREATE lab symbolize a pivotal shift in the robotics field. Traditional robotic applications, dominated by rigid mechanics, could see a shift towards this softer, more human-friendly counterpart. A patent has been filed for this first commercial soft manipulator, and a EPFL and TU Delft joint start-up has been launched under the name Helix Robotics. As Professor Hughes aptly summarized, "Merging keen observations from nature with precise computational modeling has unveiled the potential of soft robotics for future commercial applications. As we move forward, our aim is to bring robots closer to humans, not just in proximity but in understanding and collaboration. We hope that this soft robotic arm exemplifies a future where machines assist, complement, and understand human needs more deeply than ever before."<hr>Professor Josie Hughes will be showing the Helix robot along with several other of her creations at the&nbsp;<a href="https://swissroboticsday.ch/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Swiss Robotics Day</a> at ETHZ on November 3rd. Many other EPFL professors will be showcasing their work. The day is dedicated to the best of Swiss robotics across industry, startups, universities, research labs, nonprofits, and government. The event features high-profile speakers (Boston Dynamics, Disney) and panelists, along with startup pitches and 50+ exhibition booths with live demos.ReferencesGuan, Q., Stella, F., Della Santina, C. et al. Trimmed helicoids: an architectured soft structure yielding soft robots with high precision, large workspace, and compliant interactions. npj Robot 1, 4 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44182-023-00004-7

EPFL researchers have designed a bio-inspired robot with a novel trimmed helicoid structure that allows for a wide range of motion and safe interaction with humans.

Soft, elephant trunk-like robot for close interaction with humans

<h3 id="isPasted">Let’s explore some methods on how to achieve this.</h3>First and foremost, there exists the “Straightforward Programming” approach. This means: getting a skilled person to meticulously describe a task, to such an extent that one can write either a simple script or an intricate algorithm that can guide the robot to do the task. This method is great and highly effective when the task is well-defined and specific, something often done in industrial automation. However, the complexity can escalate rapidly, making it challenging. Thus, if the approach is successful, that’s excellent – but if not, we must ponder – what alternative strategies can we employ?Secondly, an alternative approach to consider is “Programming by Demonstration“. This method involves guiding the robot in performing the task. By equipping the robot with advanced force sensing capabilities and vision algorithms, this technique can prove to be quite effective. However, it’s crucial to note that its effectiveness is reliant on the robot’s abilities. Usually, robots are equipped with rudimentary grippers rather than adept, dexterous hands, which can limit the complexity of tasks they can perform.&nbsp;Okay, so how can we effectively record human actions for a robot to mimic?Ideally, we’d guide a human through the task, document it in detail, and then replay it to the robot. We might even consider feeding this information into a machine-learning system, enabling it to learn from our human-guided demonstration. Alternatively, at the very least, we can analyze these human activities, deconstruct them into simpler parts, and use this information to develop more efficient algorithms in the way that a song is deconstructed in a recording studio.&nbsp;OK, so how about, filming the person doing the task and using “machine vision” to track what they are doing?It’s certainly a good starting point. This approach provides valuable insights into the nuances of human behaviour – such as hand-switching moments, object-holding techniques, and tool usage – But our experience is that it’s really hard to track human movement&nbsp;using cameras. You need clear lines of sight, and you’ll have lots of trouble tracking the fine movements of the fingers and hands.&nbsp;Even the most advanced image-based tracking systems, while capable of monitoring hands with minimal occlusion, fail to consistently track all joint movements. Consequently, the resultant data tends to be somewhat inconsistent and noisy.&nbsp;Alright, what about using motion capture?Motion capture systems, commonly employed in film production and sports science, operate by attaching easily visible markers to the individual, such as passive elements like white dots or active elements like pulsed LEDs. This method certainly helps with the accuracy of tracking. However, it doesn’t entirely overcome the previously mentioned issues related to occlusion. Additionally, calibrating the optical systems to an error margin of less than a few millimetres is quite challenging – which means that if the task involves intricate movements, such as rolling a pen between fingers, it’s likely it’ll miss a lot.&nbsp;&nbsp;Okay. I need it to be accurate, what’s my best option then?For precise human movement tracking, your best bet is to use a tight-fitting movement-tracking&nbsp;<a href="https://www.shadowrobot.com/shadow-hand-glove/" target="_blank">glove</a>. This glove can incorporate a multitude of techniques to achieve such a feat, some even providing additional features to assist the operator (and some that make it more difficult for the operator). For instance, some gloves can relay a sense of weight, touch, or stiffness, all functionalities grouped under the term ‘haptics.’ The realm of haptics is broad, including diverse technologies from ultrasound devices transmitting signals to fingers, electrical skin stimulation, vibrating piezoelectric elements, to inflating air balloons, miniature motors, or linear actuators, among many others.Gloves that measure human hand movement can do it by utilising:<ul><li dir="ltr">Sensors that fit around the joints and track the specific movement of the joint</li><li dir="ltr">Mechanical linkages that go from one end of the finger to the other and track the whole movement of the finger</li><li dir="ltr">Inertial sensors (that clever combination of accelerometer, gyroscope and possibly magnetometer) - worn at various points on the hand to follow the movement</li><li dir="ltr">Wireless measuring sensors - detecting the location of the fingers relative to a source worn on the hand somewhere.</li><li dir="ltr">Cameras that look away from the hand and track the movement of the world. (I’m not sure I’ve seen this one used in anger but I’m sure it’s possible!)</li></ul> Even then several variations of these technologies exist. For instance, some sensors measure the flex of a glove, correlating it to joint movement. Other types of sensors stretch and track their own deformation to gauge distance. Occasionally, mechanical linkages are placed over individual joints for precise motion tracking.&nbsp;Each of these methods presents a unique approach to capturing and interpreting human movement<h3 id="isPasted">Our experience:</h3>From our extensive experience, we have found that accurately measuring the mechanical properties of the human hand can be challenging, as it often leads to significant inaccuracies. The placement of the measurement sensor is crucial, and unfortunately, the potential for slippage is high – gloves and similar apparatus tend to shift excessively, complicating the data collection. Relating the measurements to the actual rotation of a finger joint’s axis, especially the thumb, is another daunting task!<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNjk3NTM2Nzk3ODE3LWxvbmcgLSBQb2xoZW11cyAmIFNoYWRvdyAoMTkyMCB4IDEwODAgcHgpLmpwZyIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTUwLCJmaXQiOiJjb3ZlciJ9fX0=" style="width: 766px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">Mechanical linkages, although valuable, can quickly become cumbersome. There is also a risk that they could discomfort the operator to the point where task completion becomes impossible (too heavy, too rigid etc). Inertial sensors present a viable option; however, (once again) preventing them from drifting is generally difficult, and the precision level they offer often falls short of what we needWe have found that wireless measurement sensors, particularly those from&nbsp;<a href="https://www.shadowrobot.com/shadow-robot-polhemus/" target="_blank">Polhemus</a>, give us excellent results. These sensors entail a transmitting source worn on the palm and receivers located at the fingertips, providing us with high-quality data for hand movement tracking. However, there remains the challenge of locating the hand within the wider three-dimensional space. For this, we have found that the HTC Vive is an excellent solution and so you will often see the Vive tracker featured in our demonstrations.Now – what we want is to accurately know where to put the robot hand – which isn’t quite the same thing as knowing accurately where the human hand is. We have to take the data from the human hand and map it to the robot hand. This is a kinematic challenge – the movements of the human and the movements of the robot don’t agree entirely, and we need to convert one to the other. The best method for mapping human data to a robot hand will depend on the specific application. For example, if you need to control a robot’s hand in real-time, then direct mapping may be the best option. If you are only interested in controlling a robot’s hand for offline analysis, then inverse kinematics or hybrid mapping may be more feasible options. Needless to say, the more complex the robot the more challenging this becomes. Lucky for us complex robots are a speciality at Shadow!&nbsp;So, the human wears a set of gloves, and they control the robot to do the task. After completing a few rudimentary training tasks the operator gets the hang of the process and they are doing it pretty well. What do we do to learn from this?We can precisely monitor the instructions sent to the robot and reproduce them. This is ideal when operating in a controlled environment where all variables remain consistent – a scenario commonly found in an automation setting within a quality assurance laboratory. In the past, we employed this technique to build a functional robotic kitchen. While it allows you to execute repetitive tasks, it lacks the ability to cope with variation.We can capture and analyze data from numerous tests, assessing them for consistency. If the results are largely similar, they can be directly applied. However, if they vary a lot, we can delve into our algorithm toolbox to try and understand these discrepancies. This is where it helps to have a <a href="https://www.shadowrobot.com/artificial-intelligence-machine-learning/" target="_blank">wide range of data</a> from <a href="https://www.shadowrobot.com/dexterous-hand-series/" target="_blank">the robot</a>, from force, <a href="https://www.shadowrobot.com/shadow-robot-11-lessons-about-tactile-sensors/" target="_blank">touch</a>, and joint sensors. The question arises: Can we employ data from vision, such as cameras aimed at the work area, to discern what’s different? To be effective, this vision data needs to be synchronized with the robot sensor data, necessitating a shared framework for all data streams.We can gather data from multiple tests and use it by “Feeding it to the AI” – meaning use it to instruct a machine learning system on how to replicate similar movements from similar data.This can be done in several ways.We might train a traditional learning model on the datasets so that similar inputs generate similar outputs. Alternatively, if we have enough data, we could use a transformer model to generate movements. We can even break down the data into smaller segments and train a network to assemble these fragments into the correct sequences.Given the impressive capabilities of modern machine learning systems in generating text, images, video, and even code, this approach appears highly promising – and it’s only the beginning!So, does this sound like it could help with a problem that you face? If it does, then let’s have&nbsp;<a href="https://www.shadowrobot.com/blog/data-humans-to-robots/hand@shadowrobot.com" target="_blank">a chat to</a> see if the Shadow Robot team can help!

Humans excel at manual tasks, and ideally, robots should surpass us in these functions. We have the advantage due to our superior dexterity, and we can perform tasks that robots should, in theory, be capable of.
As we advance robotics our goal is to effectively transfer our human skills to robots.

Getting Data from Humans to Robots

This article originally appeared in <a href="https://news.itmo.ru/en/science/life_science/news/13440/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ITMO News</a> and has been republished with permission.<hr>A family of medical devices named implants are manufactured to replace a missing organ or its parts. Dental implants are implanted into the jaw to support replacement teeth. Apart from dentistry, implants are also used to resurface a knee, repair skull bones, as well as for other purposes.&nbsp;All medical devices are customized to each patient's unique characteristics. In the case of dental implants, doctors must be aware of a person's skull bones, gums, and roots to determine the appropriate form and size of the future implant.&nbsp;To make an implant last longer, as well as heal faster and easier, its surface is enhanced with functional features, like antibacterial properties and biocompatibility. The latter is usually accomplished by roughening up the implant's surface with sandblasting, followed by acid and anodizing to make the surface antimicrobial. So far, there is no one-stop complex to execute both procedures – except for the one currently under development at ITMO University.<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNjk3MTk5NTcwODA3LXAxMzQ0MC5qcGciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjk1MCwiZml0IjoiY292ZXIifX19" style="width: 766px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">The research team (from left to right): Yulia Karlagina, Galina Romanova, Andrey Lisichnikov, and Fedor Inochkin. Photo courtesy of Evgeniy Shamshin<h2 dir="ltr" id="isPasted">The laser-based complex</h2>Researchers from ITMO’s Institute of Laser Technologies and their colleagues from Laser Center designed a multiuse robotic complex for surface treatment of diverse medical materials. According to the developers, the technology is equipped with a fiber laser system and possesses several advantages:&nbsp;Versatility. The technology is well-suited for use with medical devices such as scalpels and surgical scissors, as well as a variety of implants, including teeth, skull, hip, and knee replacements.&nbsp;Turnkey treatment in one system. The team created and merged several laser treatment options that are used consecutively:<ul><li dir="ltr">The technology for antibacterial surface properties prevents bacterial complications, which lead to implant rejection. Laser heating makes oxide layers grow on the surface of a titanium implant, which demonstrates bactericidal properties when exposed to a UV source.</li><li dir="ltr">The technology for biocompatible surface property. The laser is applied to generate a relief with unique properties on the surface, followed by the laser ablation process, which creates a biomimetic micro- and nanorelief that promotes excellent adhesion of proteins in the early stages of osseointegration, cell proliferation, and differentiation, ensuring implant success.&nbsp;</li><li dir="ltr">The technology for applying non-toxic identification labels on medical devices. Legally binding product labeling makes it possible to track the life cycle of a product, from its early production to the end user.&nbsp;</li></ul><blockquote>“We came up with a versatile device that makes it possible to functionalize a wide spectrum of medical equipment without any additional consumables or tools. The single system can boast several treatment options, related to the biocompatible and antibacterial properties of products, their roughness, as well as labeling,” states&nbsp;Yulia Karlagina, a junior researcher at ITMO’s Institute of Laser Technologies.</blockquote><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1697199551134-ezgif-2-348e4b0195.gif" style="width: 766px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">The robot laser complex in action. Video courtesy of Evgeniy ShamshinCompatibility with custom devices. All it takes is to load a 3D model of the implant into the program and indicate which elements of the 3D electronic geometric model need to be processed. The software was developed by the team at ITMO.&nbsp;The complex consists of a six-axis robotic manipulator and a laser scanning system mounted on the robot's arm, which ensures high accuracy of laser positioning, achieved by optical methods, and universality of robotic systems. Its ability to focus a laser beam on a product’s surface in all six spatial coordinates makes it possible to process products of complex shapes in one technological cycle.The team incorporated a computer vision system to make it easier for the operator to determine the position of the product in reality. In addition to its position, the system reports on its orientation and geometrical parameters to ensure precision laser processing.<blockquote>“The existing robotic solutions are aimed at mass-production items. Once adjusted for a specific device, they perform a series of programmed actions again and again. This approach is not suitable for small-scale or one-of-a-kind equipment, whereas our technology can be easily customized for a new product,” explains&nbsp;Fedor Inochkin, a researcher at ITMO’s Institute of Laser Technologies<img data-fr-image-pasted="true" alt="" src="https://news.itmo.ru/en/science/life_science/news/13440/" class="fr-fic fr-dii"></blockquote><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNjk3MTk5Mzg4MjEyLTEzNDQwMDEuanBnIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjo5NTAsImZpdCI6ImNvdmVyIn19fQ==" style="width: 766px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">An operator positions a medical device and loads a 3D model into the system, selects the areas to be processed, and starts the program. The robot manipulator travels from one area to another with a laser beam. The procedure time varies depending on the chosen technology and item size. Photo courtesy of Evgeniy ShamshinA compact automated laser system for dental implants and their components is another device created by the team to serve exclusively dental purposes.&nbsp;<blockquote>“The systems have different functions, which affects their price and audience. If a customer needs to process a certain implant, like a dental one, they should purchase the second device, whereas the first one will be more beneficial with a wide range of items, including custom ones. For instance, a person who suffered from head injury can receive an individually designed skull implant. The multiuse system allows specialists to incorporate a desired set of properties into personalized implants in accordance to their unique shape,” notes Yulia Karlagina.&nbsp;</blockquote><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNjk3MTk5NDEwOTc4LTEzNDQwMDIuanBnIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjo5NTAsImZpdCI6ImNvdmVyIn19fQ==" style="width: 766px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">An operator positions an implant, closes the complex’s cover, chooses the type of device under study and processing mode in the program, and, finally, starts the program. The implant is ready in 10-15 minutes. Photo courtesy of Evgeniy Shamshin<h2 dir="ltr" id="isPasted">Prospects of the technology</h2>The ITMO researchers in collaboration with their co-authors from Samara State University have carried out preliminary testing of both complexes, in particular preclinical trials of the processed medical devices. All samples were successfully tested in vitro and in vivo and are recommended for clinical trials.&nbsp;In the future, the developers plan to run acceptance tests to ensure the complexes are ready for operation and mass production. The team also intends to attract new industrial partners. In the long run, the systems are expected to be used in the production of medical equipment and implants.&nbsp;<blockquote>“We already have surface functionalization technologies for implants and soon we, with our colleagues from Laser Center, will start to look for new partners who will integrate them into their productions. If requested, we can also modify our products to the client’s needs – for instance, we can add a second robot manipulator that will upload new implants into the system instead of an operator,” notes Galina Romanova, a senior researcher at ITMO’s Institute of Laser Technologies.&nbsp;</blockquote><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNjk3MTk5NDQxMTQzLTEzNDQwMDMuanBnIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjo5NTAsImZpdCI6ImNvdmVyIn19fQ==" style="width: 766px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">Galina Romanova. Photo courtesy of Evgeniy ShamshinThe project is implemented as part of the Government Decree No. 218 on request by Laser Center. Additionally, the developers continue to run research within ITMO’s 2030 Development Strategy.&nbsp;The research team has been working on the processing of medical titanium alloys for several years now. Together with their partners from Lenmiriot, they <a href="https://news.itmo.ru/en/science/new_materials/news/9655/" target="_blank">developed</a> a design of an implant surface that helps implants heal faster without inflammation. In 2022, Lenmiriot <a href="https://news.itmo.ru/en/startups_and_business/partnership/news/12313/" target="_blank">announced</a> the market launch of the dental implants made with the new laser technology.

The robot laser complex. Photo courtesy of Evgeniy Shamshin

Researchers from ITMO University have created a multipurpose robot complex for laser treatment of medical device surfaces, like those of dental and skull implants. The designed technology can be utilized to imbue metal implants with antibacterial and biocompatible properties, as well as mark medical items. All one needs to do is load a 3D model of an implant into a program, set a processing trajectory, and pick a surface attribute of choice.

A Multiuse Robot for Medical Applications Designed at ITMO

Effective time management is essential when conducting inspections on container ships, as it directly influences the cost-effectiveness and competitiveness of maritime cargo transportation. Inspection plays a&nbsp;crucial&nbsp;role in ensuring container ship safety, averting cargo damage,&nbsp;maintaining&nbsp;compliance with environmental rules, and preserving the vessel's value.&nbsp;Ensuring the safety and dependability of container ships involves employing fundamental methods such as contact-based Ultrasonic Thickness (UT) inspections and visual assessments.&nbsp;These inspections proactively&nbsp;identify&nbsp;potential issues before they escalate into significant concerns, thereby aiding in the prevention of maritime mishaps.&nbsp;&nbsp; Regularly inspecting cargo vessels becomes a complex task due to their significant size,&nbsp;necessitating&nbsp;careful maneuvering to access various compartments, structures, and cargo holds.&nbsp;Traditional approaches, like rope access and scaffolding, come with inherent risks and time consumption. Addressing these hurdles, innovative flying robots have&nbsp;emerged&nbsp;as&nbsp;an optimal&nbsp;solution for ship inspections.&nbsp;Avestec's&nbsp;intelligent airborne robot, SKYRON, effectively addresses the difficulties&nbsp;encountered&nbsp;in ship inspections.&nbsp;Watch the video above to see how SKYRON performed UT and visual inspections on a container ship in Vancouver, Canada. It focused on checking the back wall of the cargo hold, the guides for the columns, and the ship's side facing the water. This inspection happened while the ship was parked at the port to unload cargo, highlighting the importance of saving time. SKYRON is a highly advanced flying robot designed for various inspections, reducing risks for&nbsp;humans&nbsp;and cutting down on inspection time and costs.&nbsp;

Watch How Flying Robots Like SKYRON Are Redefining Safety Checks at Sea 

From Robo-Flyers to Smart Scans, Unveiling the Future of Vessel Safety and Performance

<img alt="A blue line drawing of a person wearing a hard hatDescription automatically generated" src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1695324692147-1695324692147.png" id="isPasted" class="fr-fic fr-dii">For the management of hydropower conveyance systems within pulp and paper facilities, surge tanks stand as critical components, serving as key players for efficient operations. A robust maintenance strategy and a secure work environment are paramount for these systems to thrive. Non-destructive testing (NDT) inspections emerge as a vital practice in maintaining surge tank performance. However, circumstances can be challenging, as showcased in a recent case undertaken by Avestec.&nbsp;The situation presented a dual challenge. Initially, accessing the surge tanks proved intricate due to obstructive towering trees on one front. Subsequently, a haunting specter of potential asbestos contamination&nbsp;emerged&nbsp;on the opposing&nbsp;side, adding&nbsp;an element of danger that&nbsp;couldn&#39;t&nbsp;be ignored. The confluence of these obstacles demanded an innovative approach, one that safeguarded&nbsp;workers&rsquo;&nbsp;well-being while ensuring thorough assessments of the tanks.&nbsp;<img alt="A group of men in safety gearDescription automatically generated with medium confidence" src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1695324672404-1695324672404.jpeg" class="fr-fic fr-dii">&nbsp;In response to these complex challenges,&nbsp;Avestec&nbsp;utilized&nbsp;the capabilities of SKYRON, an intelligent flying robot.&nbsp;SKYRON&nbsp;emerged&nbsp;as the perfect&nbsp;inspection&nbsp;tool, smoothly navigating the intricate&nbsp;environment&nbsp;and flawlessly conducting ultrasonic thickness tests on the tank shell.&nbsp;By doing so, it enabled inspection without exposing human personnel to the hazards.&nbsp;Operating SKYRON was a precise coordination of human&nbsp;expertise&nbsp;and&nbsp;cutting-edge&nbsp;technology.&nbsp;A skilled pilot and inspector collaborated to guide the flying robot with precision. While the robot soared over the dense canopy of trees, the team&nbsp;maintained&nbsp;a safe distance, evading the potential asbestos threat. A&nbsp;first-person&nbsp;view&nbsp;camera&nbsp;system&nbsp;interface&nbsp;facilitated&nbsp;real-time monitoring as SKYRON ventured beyond the limits of direct line of sight.&nbsp;The&nbsp;results&nbsp;of&nbsp;Avestec&#39;s&nbsp;inspection were&nbsp;truly&nbsp;remarkable.&nbsp;Within&nbsp;a single day, SKYRON&nbsp;conducted thorough&nbsp;inspections,&nbsp;collecting&nbsp;577 ultrasonic thickness readings in&nbsp;60 minutes&nbsp;flight time.&nbsp; <img alt="A large metal tower with a ladderDescription automatically generated" src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1695324672418-1695324672418.jpeg" class="fr-fic fr-dii">&nbsp;This achievement marked a transformative change in the methods of inspecting surge tanks. Through overcoming challenging conditions and executing seamless inspections, SKYRON proves its advantages over conventional approaches, triumphing even in the most demanding environments.&nbsp;

SKYRON's Cutting-Edge Solution Overcomes Hazardous Obstacles and Delivers Rapid Results

Revolutionizing Tank Inspections: How Intelligent Flying Robots Ensure Safety and Efficiency

Offshore platform inspections have always been a demanding challenge. The extreme conditions, towering structures, and inaccessible spots make it a true test of human endurance and safety.&nbsp;Conventional methods involved ropes and scaffolding, costing time, money, and, most importantly, risking the lives of inspectors.&nbsp;That&#39;s&nbsp;where the&nbsp;game-changer&nbsp;comes in, offering a revolutionary solution that puts human safety at the forefront.&nbsp;Flying robots use&nbsp;cutting-edge&nbsp;technology to navigate the complexities of offshore platforms effortlessly. This transformational tool redefines the inspection landscape, introducing a more efficient, cost-effective,&nbsp;and, above all, safer&nbsp;way of working.&nbsp;The challenges of elevated heat make inspections hard. But now, the use of flying robots like SKYRON has ushered in a notable improvement in inspection efficiency, simultaneously mitigating inherent risks. &nbsp;These robotic systems guarantee precise measurements without compromising the well-being and safety of inspectors. This transformative approach empowers the inspection workforce.&nbsp;Watch the video above to witness&nbsp;SKYRON&nbsp;in action.&nbsp;It&#39;s&nbsp;not just about technology;&nbsp;it&#39;s&nbsp;about rewriting the rules of offshore platform inspections. As we step into this new era, safety takes center stage, making sure that inspectors no longer face unnecessary risks.&nbsp;It&#39;s&nbsp;an exciting shift towards a safer and more efficient future, where innovation meets the challenges head-on.&nbsp;

SKYRON marked history as the pioneer in contact-based NDT inspection on a massive offshore platform, setting a new standard for safety and efficiency. 

Flying Robots revolutionize Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) inspection on offshore platforms

This article was first published on <a href="https://news.mit.edu/2023/ai-technique-robots-manipulate-objects-whole-bodies-0824" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" id="isPasted">MIT News</a>. &nbsp;<hr>Imagine you want to carry a large, heavy box up a flight of stairs. You might spread your fingers out and lift that box with both hands, then hold it on top of your forearms and balance it against your chest, using your whole body to manipulate the box.&nbsp;Humans are generally good at whole-body manipulation, but robots struggle with such tasks. To the robot, each spot where the box could touch any point on the carrier&rsquo;s fingers, arms, and torso represents a contact event that it must reason about. With billions of potential contact events, planning for this task quickly becomes intractable.Now MIT researchers found a way to simplify this process, known as contact-rich manipulation planning. They use an AI technique called smoothing, which summarizes many contact events into a smaller number of decisions, to enable even a simple algorithm to quickly identify an effective manipulation plan for the robot.<iframe width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/D8VIzBRy_m4?&wmode=opaque&rel=0&enablejsapi=1&origin=https://www.wevolver.com" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true"></iframe>While still in its early days, this method could potentially enable factories to use smaller, mobile robots that can manipulate objects with their entire arms or bodies, rather than large robotic arms that can only grasp using fingertips. This may help reduce energy consumption and drive down costs. In addition, this technique could be useful in robots sent on exploration missions to Mars or other solar system bodies, since they could adapt to the environment quickly using only an onboard computer. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&ldquo;Rather than thinking about this as a black-box system, if we can leverage the structure of these kinds of robotic systems using models, there is an opportunity to accelerate the whole procedure of trying to make these decisions and come up with contact-rich plans,&rdquo; says H.J. Terry Suh, an electrical engineering and computer science (EECS) graduate student and co-lead author of a&nbsp;<a href="http://groups.csail.mit.edu/robotics-center/public_papers/Pang22.pdf" target="_blank" data-lf-fd-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true">paper</a> on this technique.Joining Suh on the paper are co-lead author Tao Pang PhD &rsquo;23, a roboticist at Boston Dynamics AI Institute; Lujie Yang, an EECS graduate student; and senior author Russ Tedrake, the Toyota Professor of EECS, Aeronautics and Astronautics, and Mechanical Engineering, and a member of the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL). The research appears this week in&nbsp;IEEE Transactions on Robotics.<h2>Learning about learning</h2>Reinforcement learning is a machine-learning technique where an agent, like a robot, learns to complete a task through trial and error with a reward for getting closer to a goal. Researchers say this type of learning takes a black-box approach because the system must learn everything about the world through trial and error.It has been used effectively for contact-rich manipulation planning, where the robot seeks to learn the best way to move an object in a specified manner.But because there may be billions of potential contact points that a robot must reason about when determining how to use its fingers, hands, arms, and body to interact with an object, this trial-and-error approach requires a great deal of computation.&ldquo;Reinforcement learning may need to go through millions of years in simulation time to actually be able to learn a policy,&rdquo; Suh adds.On the other hand, if researchers specifically design a physics-based model using their knowledge of the system and the task they want the robot to accomplish, that model incorporates structure about this world that makes it more efficient.Yet physics-based approaches aren&rsquo;t as effective as reinforcement learning when it comes to contact-rich manipulation planning &mdash; Suh and Pang wondered why.They conducted a detailed analysis and found that a technique known as smoothing enables reinforcement learning to perform so well.Many of the decisions a robot could make when determining how to manipulate an object aren&rsquo;t important in the grand scheme of things. For instance, each infinitesimal adjustment of one finger, whether or not it results in contact with the object, doesn&rsquo;t matter very much. &nbsp;Smoothing averages away many of those unimportant, intermediate decisions, leaving a few important ones.Reinforcement learning performs smoothing implicitly by trying many contact points and then computing a weighted average of the results. Drawing on this insight, the MIT researchers designed a simple model that performs a similar type of smoothing, enabling it to focus on core robot-object interactions and predict long-term behavior. They showed that this approach could be just as effective as reinforcement learning at generating complex plans.&ldquo;If you know a bit more about your problem, you can design more efficient algorithms,&rdquo; Pang says.<h2>A winning combination</h2>Even though smoothing greatly simplifies the decisions, searching through the remaining decisions can still be a difficult problem. So, the researchers combined their model with an algorithm that can rapidly and efficiently search through all possible decisions the robot could make.With this combination, the computation time was cut down to about a minute on a standard laptop.They first tested their approach in simulations where robotic hands were given tasks like moving a pen to a desired configuration, opening a door, or picking up a plate. In each instance, their model-based approach achieved the same performance as reinforcement learning, but in a fraction of the time. They saw similar results when they tested their model in hardware on real robotic arms.&ldquo;The same ideas that enable whole-body manipulation also work for planning with dexterous, human-like hands. Previously, most researchers said that reinforcement learning was the only approach that scaled to dexterous hands, but Terry and Tao showed that by taking this key idea of (randomized) smoothing from reinforcement learning, they can make more traditional planning methods work extremely well, too,&rdquo; Tedrake says.However, the model they developed relies on a simpler approximation of the real world, so it cannot handle very dynamic motions, such as objects falling. While effective for slower manipulation tasks, their approach cannot create a plan that would enable a robot to toss a can into a trash bin, for instance. In the future, the researchers plan to enhance their technique so it could tackle these highly dynamic motions.&ldquo;If you study your models carefully and really understand the problem you are trying to solve, there are definitely some gains you can achieve. There are benefits to doing things that are beyond the black box,&rdquo; Suh says.<hr>&quot;Reprinted with permission of <a href="https://news.mit.edu/2023/ai-technique-robots-manipulate-objects-whole-bodies-0824" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" id="isPasted">MIT News</a>&quot; &nbsp;

MIT researchers developed an AI technique that enables a robot to develop complex plans for manipulating an object using its entire hand, not just the fingertips. This model can generate effective plans in about a minute using a standard laptop. Here, a robot attempts to rotate a bucket 180 degrees. Image: Courtesy of the researchers

With a new technique, a robot can reason efficiently about moving objects using more than just its fingertips.

AI helps robots manipulate objects with their whole bodies

In the&nbsp;Non-Destructive Testing (NDT)&nbsp;industry, where the pursuit of enhanced safety and inspection efficiency drives innovation, SKYRON&#39;s Rotary Arm stands as a true&nbsp;game-changer. This integral&nbsp;component&nbsp;within SKYRON&#39;s toolkit improves the precision and accuracy during inspection.&nbsp;SKYRON is an Intelligent Flying Robot meticulously designed to execute Non-Destructive Tests with unparalleled accuracy, meeting and surpassing industrial asset inspection standards&nbsp;and elevating safety in the inspection process.&nbsp;What sets this remarkable&nbsp;robot&nbsp;apart is its&nbsp;capability&nbsp;for performing contact-based inspections across diverse settings, even in the most&nbsp;challenging&nbsp;conditions.&nbsp;At the heart of SKYRON&#39;s prowess lies the Rotary Arm. What truly sets the Rotary Arm apart is its ability to attach to different surfaces shapes, vertical, horizontal, angular, and even curved surfaces. The exceptional adaptability of the Rotary Arm ensures accurate inspection readings. This is supported by a patented attachment mechanism that ensures precision. Consequently, this innovation simplifies and enhances inspections in challenging locations, making them more comprehensive.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1692213548412-rotary+arm.jpg" style="width: 760px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">Beyond its&nbsp;attachments&nbsp;finesse, the Rotary Arm has a&nbsp;brush system. It smooths&nbsp;rough surfaces and&nbsp;eliminates&nbsp;debris, laying the groundwork for impeccable readings.&nbsp;Prior to the inspection, the arm applies&nbsp;couplant&nbsp;gel.&nbsp;Couplant&nbsp;is pumped to the surface prior to inspection, and an efficient dosing system minimizes the&nbsp;amount of liquid that must be&nbsp;carried on-board the robot.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1692213586841-Brush.jpg" style="width: 669px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib" alt="SKYRON's Brush System">SKYRON&#39;s Brush System<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1692213632115-Couplant.jpg" style="width: 666px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">Couplant Delivery SystemIn one attachment, the Rotary Arm can perform ultrasound thickness inspections in 25 spots within a 2&#39;&#39; x 2&#39;&#39; area. This high level of accuracy results in thorough evaluations that are extremely useful for making decisions regarding asset maintenance.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1692213723353-multipoint-scan.png" style="width: 657px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">The Rotary Arm takes ultrasound thickness measurements. It is equipped with a customized gauge Olympus 38 DL plus, which has 5 MHz dual-element transducer and a sophisticated end effector. This combination guarantees the most accurate measurements.&nbsp;The Rotary Arm capabilities extend to perform Dry Film Thickness (DFT) inspections. Taking Echo-to-Echo measurements, the arm presents a comprehensive solution to coating assessments, all while adhering to the highest standards of precision.&nbsp;In a landscape where industries continuously evolve, demanding increasingly rigorous and safer inspection methodologies, SKYRON&#39;s Rotary Arm&nbsp;emerges&nbsp;as a pioneering force. Its multifaceted capabilities, encompassing attachment versatility, expansive area scanning, and unyielding adaptability, constitute the foundation of a new era in contact-based inspections.&nbsp;SKYRON is prepared to change how inspections are typically done, setting a completely new level of quality, accuracy, and safety.&nbsp;&nbsp;

The Rotary Arm has the ability to attach to different surfaces shapes, vertical, horizontal, angular, and even curved surfaces.

SKYRON's Rotary Arm: Elevating Precision in Contact-Based Inspections

Refineries face harsh conditions, requiring NDT inspections for safety and reliability. Ultrasonic Thickness (UT) inspections play a vital role in preserving equipment integrity, preventing incidents, and enhancing productivity.&nbsp;Conventional inspection methods in refineries have been costly, time-consuming, and risky for inspectors. Nevertheless, remarkable technological advancements have introduced intelligent flying robots capable of conducting inspections with speed, cost-efficiency, and enhanced safety. These robots can seamlessly perform inspections while equipment&nbsp;remains&nbsp;operational, leading to minimized downtime and increased productivity.&nbsp;Meet SKYRON, the intelligent flying robot that excels in efficient, comprehensive, and secure inspections within refineries. Observe the video above to witness SKYRON flawlessly taking UT measurements on a tank, a network of pipes, and an in-service flare stack. Thanks to its advanced technology, this robot seamlessly navigates challenging environments, effectively reducing risks and downtime. Technological breakthroughs like SKYRON are revolutionizing the oil and gas industry, ensuring&nbsp;the utmost&nbsp;safety and reliability of equipment.&nbsp;

Discover How SKYRON Transforms NDT Practices for Safety and Efficiency Boost

Reinventing Refinery Inspections: SKYRON's Revolutionary Role

First NON-entry confines space Ultrasonic Thickness inspection with an aerial robot. 

First non-entry ultrasonic testing (UT) inspection in a confined space using an aerial robot

Robotic arms in the industry based on PID loop 

This guide delves into the basics and components of PID control, implementation, application examples, impacts, challenges, and solutions aiming to provide readers with a thorough understanding of this integral concept.

PID Loops: A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding and Implementation

Non-destructive testing (NDT) of water tanks is a challenging task, as conventional inspection methods, such as rope access or scaffolding, can be time-consuming, expensive, and risky. Water tanks are often large and complex structures with curved and angled surfaces, making it difficult for inspectors to access many areas. Additionally, conventional&nbsp; methods can be obstructive, causing&nbsp;<iframe id="6433ae788de910000801b259" width="250" class="specs-iframe" height="440" src="https://wevolver.com/iframe/specs/skyron?iframe=true" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true"></iframe> disturbances and limited mobility, making it harder to get a complete view of the tank's condition. To overcome these challenges, intelligent flying robots offer a more efficient, cost-effective, and safer alternative for water tank inspections.&nbsp;&nbsp;Using an intelligent flying robot for NDT inspections of water tanks helps to access hard-to-reach areas, providing an unobstructed view of the entire structure for inspectors, significantly reducing the cost and risks associated with conventional inspection methods.&nbsp;Although challenges exist, careful planning and operation can overcome obstacles to ensure that the inspection process is successful, allowing for faster detection of potential damage or corrosion using advanced sensors and providing real-time data for analysis.&nbsp; <img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNjgzMjIwMTYwNDMwLVdhdGVyIFRhbmsgMDEtMi5qcGciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjk1MCwiZml0IjoiY292ZXIifX19" style="width: 300px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"> The unique shape of the water tank poses a challenge for the inspection by blocking the line of sight. However, SKYRON overcomes this challenge with its HD camera system that provides a near-zero latency HD video feed to operators, enabling operations beyond line of sight. The First&nbsp;Person&nbsp;View (FPV)&nbsp;camera ensures a clear view of what's ahead of SKYRON for precise and efficient inspections. Additionally, SKYRON's strong wind handling capabilities aid in overcoming the challenge of high winds during flight, ensuring successful inspections. During this inspection, winds reached 30 km/h, yet SKYRON's advanced technology facilitated a successful two-man operation, accurately inspecting the tank shell and legs while improving safety and time management.&nbsp;&nbsp;<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNjgzMjIwMTk0OTgyLVdhdGVyIFRhbmsgMDIuanBnIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjo5NTAsImZpdCI6ImNvdmVyIn19fQ==" style="width: 662px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"> The intelligent flying&nbsp;not only overcame one obstacle but also tackled another challenge by adjusting its Rotary Arm to match the different angles and complex geometry of the water tank during the inspection. Specifically, the Rotary Arm can be attached to flat, angled, or vertical surfaces by rotating its orientation to mimic the contour of the attachment point.&nbsp;After being attached to the surface, the intelligent flying robot applies&nbsp;couplant&nbsp;to ensure unobstructed measurements. It then uses an integrated gauge to perform ultrasonic thickness (UT) measurements. The robot captures the data and transfers it through the Smart Tether System, which automatically generates a report&nbsp;containing&nbsp;thickness data and an overview of the inspection, including A scans.&nbsp;The&nbsp;results&nbsp;demonstrate&nbsp;the robot's high efficiency and accuracy, with 50 UT readings taken in only 20 minutes of flight time.&nbsp;Implementing this advanced technology of flying robots in inspecting water tanks&nbsp;represents&nbsp;an efficient and cost-effective solution for the unique challenges presented by the size and geometry of these assets. The success of this inspection highlights the potential for this technology to be&nbsp;utilized&nbsp;in inspecting other assets, leading to a safer and more efficient inspection process.&nbsp;

Using an intelligent flying robot for NDT inspections of water tanks helps to access hard-to-reach areas

Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) Inspection of Water Tanks Using Intelligent Flying Robots

This flying robot attaches to various assets to perform contact based Non-Destructive Testing

Intelligent flying robots can perform Non-Destructive Testing inspections on various assets across various industries, including tanks, towers, pipes, flare stacks, ships, and more.

FLYING ROBOT'S RANGE OF ASSETS

Rozum Robotics-Fri Jun 30 2023 23:59:59 GMT+0200 (Central European Summer Time)

Rozum Robotics-Mon Jul 31 2023 23:59:59 GMT+0300 (Eastern European Summer Time)

Rozum Robotics-Thu Aug 31 2023 23:59:59 GMT+0300 (Eastern European Summer Time)

Rozum Robotics-Thu Aug 31 2023 23:59:59 GMT+0200 (Central European Summer Time)

Rozum Robotics-Sat Sep 30 2023 23:59:59 GMT+0300 (Eastern European Summer Time)

READY Robotics-Fri Jun 30 2023 23:59:59 GMT+0200 (Central European Summer Time)

READY Robotics-Mon Jul 31 2023 23:59:59 GMT+0300 (Eastern European Summer Time)

READY Robotics-Thu Aug 31 2023 23:59:59 GMT+0300 (Eastern European Summer Time)

READY Robotics-Thu Aug 31 2023 23:59:59 GMT+0200 (Central European Summer Time)

READY Robotics-Sat Sep 30 2023 23:59:59 GMT+0300 (Eastern European Summer Time)

Unitree Robotics

University of Michigan-Fri Jun 30 2023 23:59:59 GMT+0200 (Central European Summer Time)

University of Michigan-Mon Jul 31 2023 23:59:59 GMT+0300 (Eastern European Summer Time)

University of Michigan-Thu Aug 31 2023 23:59:59 GMT+0300 (Eastern European Summer Time)

University of Michigan-Thu Aug 31 2023 23:59:59 GMT+0200 (Central European Summer Time)

University of Michigan-Sat Sep 30 2023 23:59:59 GMT+0300 (Eastern European Summer Time)

READY Robotics

Blueprint Lab-Fri Jun 30 2023 23:59:59 GMT+0200 (Central European Summer Time)

Blueprint Lab-Mon Jul 31 2023 23:59:59 GMT+0300 (Eastern European Summer Time)

Blueprint Lab-Thu Aug 31 2023 23:59:59 GMT+0300 (Eastern European Summer Time)

Blueprint Lab-Thu Aug 31 2023 23:59:59 GMT+0200 (Central European Summer Time)

Blueprint Lab-Sat Sep 30 2023 23:59:59 GMT+0300 (Eastern European Summer Time)

Universal Robots-Fri Jun 30 2023 23:59:59 GMT+0200 (Central European Summer Time)

Universal Robots-Mon Jul 31 2023 23:59:59 GMT+0300 (Eastern European Summer Time)

Universal Robots-Thu Aug 31 2023 23:59:59 GMT+0300 (Eastern European Summer Time)

Universal Robots-Thu Aug 31 2023 23:59:59 GMT+0200 (Central European Summer Time)

Universal Robots-Sat Sep 30 2023 23:59:59 GMT+0300 (Eastern European Summer Time)

DEEP Robotics

robotic arms

Delta arms have become an essential part of modern robotics and automation. These versatile machines are at the forefront of innovation, driving efficiency and precision in numerous industries. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the fascinating world of delta arms, from their basic structure and components to their wide-ranging applications and future developments.<h2 dir="ltr">What is a Delta Arm?</h2>A delta arm, also known as a delta robot, is a type of parallel robot that features a unique, triangular base and lightweight, interconnected arms. These arms can move in all three dimensions and are attached to a central end effector, which can be customized for various applications, such as gripping, cutting, or dispensing materials. Delta arms are known for their speed, precision, and flexibility, making them highly sought-after in industries like manufacturing, packaging, and assembly.<h2 dir="ltr">History of Delta Arms</h2>The delta arm was first invented in the early 1980s by Swiss engineer Reymond Clavel, who was inspired by the desire to create a high-speed, accurate robot for use in the watchmaking industry. Clavel&#39;s invention sparked a revolution in robotics, with companies and researchers around the world quickly adopting and refining delta arm technology. Notable companies like ABB, FANUC, and KUKA participated in the development of delta arms. Today, delta arms are used in a wide array of applications, from industrial automation to 3D printing and even medical procedures.<h2 dir="ltr">How Delta Arms Work?</h2>At the heart of the delta arm&#39;s impressive performance are its unique design and kinematics. Delta arms employ a parallel mechanism, which allows the arms to move simultaneously and in harmony with one another. This setup enables the end effector to maintain a consistent orientation while moving through its workspace, resulting in highly precise and accurate motion.To better understand delta arm kinematics, it&#39;s helpful to visualize the system as a series of interconnected links and joints. As the arms move, the joints rotate, causing the end effector to translate through space. By carefully controlling these rotations, the delta arm can achieve a wide range of positions and orientations with remarkable speed and precision.<iframe width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/3-NeyKcyfC4?&ab_channel=ArturWiebe&wmode=opaque&rel=0&enablejsapi=1&origin=https://www.wevolver.com" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true"></iframe> A prototype of a delta arm showcases its movements by precisely attaching a bottle cap and then removing it with ease.<h2 dir="ltr">Components of Delta Arms</h2><h3 dir="ltr">Base</h3>The base of a delta arm serves as the foundation for the entire system, providing stability and support for the arms and end effector. Bases come in various designs, but most commonly feature a triangular or circular shape. The material used in the base&#39;s construction can vary depending on the intended application, with common choices including aluminum, steel, and even 3D-printed materials for lighter-weight applications.<h3 dir="ltr">Arms</h3>The arms of a delta robot are crucial to its movement and overall performance. These slender, interconnected components enable the robot to move with great speed and agility. Arms can be constructed from a variety of materials, such as carbon fiber, aluminum, or steel, with the choice of material typically dependent on the required strength, weight, and cost considerations for the specific application.<h3 dir="ltr">Joints</h3>Joints are essential to the delta robot kinematics, providing the flexibility and range of motion necessary for the robot to function effectively in its working envelope while exhibiting good repeatability. There are several types of joints used in delta arms, including revolute, prismatic, and ball-and-socket joints. The selection of the appropriate joint type depends on the desired movement and performance characteristics for the specific delta arm application.<iframe width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ih3oXigeY-U?&ab_channel=KeyanGhazi-Zahedi&wmode=opaque&rel=0&enablejsapi=1&origin=https://www.wevolver.com" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true"></iframe>A prismatic joint<h3 dir="ltr">End effector</h3>The end effector is the business end of a delta arm, responsible for carrying out the tasks the robot is designed to perform. End effectors can include grippers, cutters, welding tools, dispensers, vision systems, and more. Some delta arms even feature interchangeable end effectors, allowing them to be easily adapted for different tasks as needed.<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNjgwNTQyNjMzMTMwLTE2ODA1NDI2MzMxMzAucG5nIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjo5NTAsImZpdCI6ImNvdmVyIn19fQ==" width="720" height="540" class="fr-fic fr-dii">Fig. 1: A delta arm robot with a customizable end effectorSuggested reading:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/what-are-end-effectors-in-robotics-types-of-end-effectors-applications-future/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">What are End Effectors in Robotics? Types of End Effectors, Applications, Future</a><h3 dir="ltr">Actuators</h3>Actuators are the driving force behind a delta arm&#39;s movement, converting electrical or pneumatic energy into mechanical motion. There are several types of actuators used in delta arms, including stepper motors, servo motors, and pneumatic cylinders. The choice of actuator depends on factors such as the required speed, precision, and force, as well as cost considerations for the specific application.Suggested reading:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/what-is-an-actuator-principles-classification-and-applications" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">What is an Actuator? Principles, Classification, and Applications</a><h3 dir="ltr">Controllers</h3>Controllers play a crucial role in delta arm operation, managing the movement and coordination of the robot&#39;s various components. Controllers can range from simple microcontrollers to more advanced robot control systems incorporating artificial intelligence and machine learning capabilities. The selection of a controller depends on factors such as the complexity of the delta arm&#39;s movements, the desired level of precision, and the integration requirements with other systems or devices.<h2 dir="ltr">Applications of Delta Arms</h2><h3 dir="ltr">Industrial Automation</h3>Delta arms have become a staple in production line automation, with their speed, precision, and flexibility making them ideal for applications such as manufacturing, packaging, material handling,&nbsp;and assembly. In manufacturing, delta arms are used to pick and place components, assemble products, and even perform quality control checks. In packaging, they can quickly and accurately fill containers, apply labels, and seal packages. Additionally, delta arms have found a home in assembly lines, where their speed and dexterity make them perfect for tasks such as electronic component placement and assembly.Suggested Reading:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/what-are-robotic-assembly-lines-history-components-advantages-limitations-applications-and-future" target="_blank">What are Robotic Assembly Lines? History, Components, Advantages, Limitations, Applications, and Future</a><h3 dir="ltr">3D Printing</h3>Delta arms have made a significant impact on the world of 3D printing, with their unique design and movement capabilities making them well-suited for this application. Delta arm-based 3D printers can achieve high levels of accuracy and resolution, while their lightweight arms allow for rapid movement and reduced print times.<h3 dir="ltr">Medical and Pharmaceutical Industries</h3>Delta arms are increasingly finding applications in the medical and pharmaceutical fields, with their precision and dexterity making them ideal for tasks such as drug discovery, surgery, and patient care. In drug discovery, delta arms can be used to quickly and accurately handle and analyze samples, speeding up the research process.&nbsp;In surgery, delta arms have been employed in procedures such as laparoscopy and microsurgery, where their precision and minimal invasiveness offer significant benefits.&nbsp;In patient care, delta arms can be used for tasks such as administering medications, drawing blood samples, and even assisting with rehabilitation exercises.<h3 dir="ltr">Food and Beverage Industry</h3>The food industry has also embraced delta arms for their speed, accuracy, and hygienic properties. Delta arms are used in various aspects of food processing, from sorting and grading fruits and vegetables to handling delicate baked goods. In packaging, delta arms can rapidly and accurately fill containers, apply labels, and seal packages, ensuring product quality and safety. Additionally, delta arms have been utilized in quality control tasks, such as inspecting food items for defects or contamination.<h3 dir="ltr">Other Applications</h3>While the aforementioned industries represent some of the most common applications for delta arms, these versatile robots have also found their way into many other fields. For example, delta arms have been used in research and development, aerospace, and entertainment industries, to name a few. As technology advances and delta arms become even more adaptable and efficient, their potential applications will undoubtedly continue to grow.<h2 dir="ltr">Choosing and Implementing Delta Arms</h2>When selecting a delta arm for a specific application, there are several factors to consider, such as payload capacity, degrees of freedom, speed, accuracy, and cost. Payload capacity refers to the maximum weight the delta arm can carry or manipulate, and it is essential to choose a delta arm with the appropriate capacity for the intended task. Degrees of freedom is nothing but the number of joints present in the robot that allow it to move in the x, y, and z-axis. Speed and accuracy are also vital considerations, as they will impact the overall performance and efficiency of the delta arm in its specific application. Finally, cost is always a factor, with the selection of materials, actuators, and controllers playing a significant role in determining the overall price of the delta arm.Suggested reading:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/7-types-of-industrial-robots-advantages-disadvantages-applications-and-more" target="_blank">7 Types of Industrial Robots: Advantages, Disadvantages, Applications, and More</a><h3 dir="ltr">Integration with Existing Systems</h3>Integrating a delta arm into an existing system can be a complex process, requiring careful planning and consideration. Factors such as compatibility with existing hardware and software, workspace constraints, and safety protocols must all be taken into account. Additionally, training employees to operate and maintain the delta arm is another critical aspect of successful integration.<h3 dir="ltr">Maintenance and Troubleshooting</h3>Regular maintenance is essential to keep a delta arm functioning optimally and ensure a long service life. This maintenance may include tasks such as lubricating joints, checking for wear and tear on components, and calibrating the system for optimal performance. Familiarity with common troubleshooting techniques is also crucial, as it allows operators to quickly diagnose and resolve issues that may arise during operation. Potential issues can include mechanical failures, software glitches, and problems with the end effector or other components.<h2 dir="ltr">The Future of Delta Arms</h2>Recent advancements in delta arm technology have focused on improving performance, efficiency, and versatility. Innovations such as lightweight materials, advanced actuators, and more sophisticated controllers have all contributed to the ongoing evolution of delta arms. As technology continues to advance, we can expect even more impressive capabilities from these remarkable machines.<iframe width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/yXNbG4P8fTU?&t=37s&ab_channel=ABBRobotics&wmode=opaque&rel=0&enablejsapi=1&origin=https://www.wevolver.com" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true"></iframe>The ABB FlexPicker: a high-throughput variant of a delta robot arm suitable for rapid pick and place applications and more<h3 dir="ltr">The Role of AI in Delta Arms</h3>Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being integrated with delta arms, allowing for enhanced performance and adaptability. AI-powered delta arms can learn from experience, adapting their movements and strategies to optimize efficiency and effectiveness. As AI continues to advance, we can expect even more exciting developments in the world of delta arm robotics.<h3 dir="ltr">The Impact of Delta Arms on the Workforce</h3>The rise of delta arms in various industries has raised questions about their potential impact on the workforce and job market. While it is true that delta arms can automate many tasks that humans once performed, they can also complement human labor rather than replace it entirely. By taking over repetitive, mundane, or dangerous tasks, delta arms can free up human workers to focus on more creative, strategic, and higher-value activities. Nevertheless, the integration of delta arms in the workforce also presents challenges, such as the need for retraining and upskilling workers to adapt to new technologies and roles. Addressing these challenges through effective education and training programs will be essential for ensuring a smooth transition and maximizing the benefits of delta arm technology.<h2 dir="ltr">Conclusion</h2>In conclusion, delta arms have made a significant impact on the world of robotics and automation, offering speed, precision, and flexibility that make them invaluable in a wide range of industries. From manufacturing and packaging to medical procedures and 3D printing, these versatile robots are revolutionizing the way we work and live. As technology continues to advance, we can expect even more exciting developments in the world of delta arms, making them an essential part of our future.<h2 dir="ltr">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)</h2><ol><li dir="ltr" style="font-weight: bold;">What are the main benefits of using delta arms in automation?</li></ol>Delta arms offer numerous advantages, such as speed, precision, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness, making them ideal for a wide range of automation tasks.<ol start="2"><li dir="ltr" style="font-weight: bold;">How do delta arms compare to other robotic arms in terms of performance?</li></ol>Delta arms are known for their unique combination of speed, precision, and agility, which sets them apart from other types of robotic arms.<ol start="3"><li dir="ltr" style="font-weight: bold;">Can delta arms be used in hazardous environments?</li></ol>With appropriate modifications and precautions, delta arms can be used in hazardous environments, such as those involving high temperatures, radiation, or corrosive substances.<ol start="4"><li dir="ltr" style="font-weight: bold;">What are the main challenges in implementing delta arms in existing systems?</li></ol>Potential challenges include integration with existing hardware and software, workspace constraints, safety protocols, and training employees to operate and maintain the delta arm.<ol start="5"><li dir="ltr" style="font-weight: bold;">How much do delta arms typically cost?</li></ol>The cost of a delta arm can vary widely, depending on factors such as size, capabilities, and materials used. Prices can range from a few thousand dollars for basic models to tens or even hundreds of thousands of dollars for more advanced systems.<ol start="6"><li dir="ltr" style="font-weight: bold;">What is the expected lifespan of a delta arm?</li></ol>The average lifespan of a delta arm depends on factors such as usage, maintenance, and build quality. With proper care, a delta arm can typically last for many years or even decades.<ol start="7"><li dir="ltr" style="font-weight: bold;">Are delta arms safe to use alongside human workers?</li></ol>With appropriate safety measures and best practices in place, delta arms can be safely used in collaborative work environments, complementing human labor and improving overall efficiency.<h2 dir="ltr">References</h2>[1] Delta robot. (2023, March 7). In Wikipedia. <a data-fr-linked="true" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_robot" id="isPasted" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_robot</a>[2] Pierrot F, Reynaud C, Fournier A. DELTA: a simple and efficient parallel robot. Robotica. Cambridge University Press; 1990;8(2):105&ndash;9.&nbsp;

Delta arms are high-performance robotic arms that use parallel linkages and jointed construction to provide fast, precise, and flexible movement, making them ideal for various industrial and manufacturing applications.

The Ultimate Guide to Delta Arms: Revolutionizing Robotics and Automation

Articulated robots&nbsp;are highly versatile&nbsp;industrial robots&nbsp;that have been used in various industries to perform a wide range of tasks. These robots are designed with a series of interconnected segments, known as links, which are attached through movable joints. This design allows them to move with a high degree of flexibility and dexterity, making them ideal for performing complex tasks requiring high precision.In this article, we will delve deeper into the specifics of&nbsp;articulated robots, explore the various&nbsp;control systems&nbsp;that they use, discuss their advantages and limitations, and examine their applications across different industries. We will also look at the challenges of operating&nbsp;articulated robots&nbsp;and discuss future trends and developments in this field.<h1 dir="ltr">Introduction</h1>The history of&nbsp;articulated robots&nbsp;dates back to the 1950s, when they were first introduced for use in&nbsp;manufacturing processes. Since then, they have evolved significantly and become integral to many industries, including&nbsp;automotive, aerospace, healthcare, and research.The importance of&nbsp;articulated robots&nbsp;lies in their ability to improve efficiency, accuracy, and safety in various operations. These robots are designed to perform repetitive and dangerous tasks that are often too difficult or hazardous for humans to undertake. As a result, they have helped to increase productivity and reduce the risk of workplace accidents.Suggested Reading:<a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/7-types-of-industrial-robots-advantages-disadvantages-applications-and-more" target="_blank">&nbsp;7 Types of Industrial Robots: Advantages, Disadvantages, Applications, and More</a><h1 dir="ltr">Anatomy of Articulated Robots</h1>Articulated robots&nbsp;comprise several interconnected segments called links, which are connected through joints. These joints are designed to allow the robot to move with a high degree of flexibility, precision, and dexterity. The links of&nbsp;articulated robots&nbsp;can range from two to six or more, with each link providing a degree of freedom (DOF) that enables the robot to move in various directions.The joints used in&nbsp;articulated robots&nbsp;can be classified into two types: revolute and prismatic. Revolute joints are&nbsp;rotary joints&nbsp;that allow the robot to rotate along an axis. Prismatic joints, on the other hand, are linear joints that enable the robot to move in a straight line.Articulated robots&nbsp;are designed to have multiple&nbsp;degrees of freedom&nbsp;(DOF), which is the number of independent parameters that determine the robot&#39;s position and orientation. This allows the robot to move in a wide range of directions and positions, making it highly versatile. The DOF of&nbsp;articulated robots&nbsp;can range from two to six or more, with each DOF representing a degree of movement or rotation.The most common DOF configurations for&nbsp;articulated robots&nbsp;are 4-DOF and 6-DOF. 4-DOF robots typically have three revolute joints and one prismatic joint, while 6-DOF robots have three revolute joints and three prismatic joints. The additional&nbsp;degrees of freedom&nbsp;in 6-DOF robots allow for greater flexibility and precision in their movements.In addition to the links and joints,&nbsp;articulated robots&nbsp;also have&nbsp;end-effectors, which are the devices attached to the&nbsp;articulated&nbsp;robot arm&nbsp;that allow it to perform specific tasks.&nbsp;End-effectors&nbsp;can include grippers, suction cups, and other specialized tools that are designed to manipulate objects with precision and accuracy.Suggested Reading:<a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/what-are-end-effectors-in-robotics-types-of-end-effectors-applications-future" target="_blank">&nbsp;What are End Effectors in Robotics? Types of End Effectors, Applications, Future</a><h1 dir="ltr">Control Systems of Articulated Robots</h1>The&nbsp;control systems&nbsp;of&nbsp;articulated robots&nbsp;are crucial in determining the robot&#39;s movements, actions, and overall performance. The&nbsp;robot control systems&nbsp;are responsible for monitoring the robot&#39;s position, speed, and orientation and making adjustments as needed to ensure that the robot moves accurately and precisely.There are two main types of&nbsp;control systems&nbsp;used in&nbsp;articulated robots: open-loop and closed-loop&nbsp;control systems. Open-loop&nbsp;control systems&nbsp;are used in simple, repetitive tasks where the robot&#39;s movement can be pre-programmed and does not require real-time feedback. Closed-loop&nbsp;control systems, on the other hand, use sensors to monitor the robot&#39;s movements and make adjustments in real-time to ensure precise and accurate movements.Sensors are an essential component of the&nbsp;control systems&nbsp;in&nbsp;articulated robots. They are used to monitor the robot&#39;s movements, track its position and orientation, and detect any errors or deviations from the intended path. Common sensors used in&nbsp;articulated robots&nbsp;include encoders, accelerometers, and proximity sensors.<iframe width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/HgDEqlhjhrE?&wmode=opaque&rel=0&enablejsapi=1&origin=https://www.wevolver.com" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true"></iframe> A video showcasing&nbsp;articulated robot&nbsp;application&nbsp;on a&nbsp;production line. Notice how the robot displays a wide&nbsp;range of motions&nbsp;in the&nbsp;workspace.Actuators are another critical component of the&nbsp;control systems&nbsp;in&nbsp;articulated robots. Actuators are responsible for moving the robot&#39;s joints and links, enabling it to move with precision and accuracy. The most commonly used actuators in&nbsp;articulated robots&nbsp;are electric motors (such as the&nbsp;servo motor), hydraulic cylinders, and pneumatic cylinders.The&nbsp;control systems&nbsp;of&nbsp;articulated robots&nbsp;are typically operated through a computer interface. The operator can program the robot&#39;s movements, set its parameters, and monitor its performance through a graphical user interface (GUI). The GUI provides real-time feedback on the robot&#39;s movements, allowing the operator to make adjustments as needed to ensure that the robot moves accurately and precisely.In recent years, there have been significant advancements in the&nbsp;control systems&nbsp;of&nbsp;articulated robots, with the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies. These technologies enable the robot to learn and adapt to its environment, improving its performance and increasing its flexibility in performing tasks.<h1 dir="ltr">Advantages and Limitations of Articulated Robots</h1>Articulated robots&nbsp;offer several advantages over traditional industrial&nbsp;automation&nbsp;methods. Some of these advantages include:<ol><li dir="ltr">Flexibility: Articulated robots have a high degree of flexibility and dexterity, enabling them to perform a wide range of tasks in various industries.</li><li dir="ltr">Precision: The use of advanced control systems, sensors, and actuators allows articulated robots to perform tasks with a high degree of precision and accuracy.</li><li dir="ltr">Efficiency:&nbsp;Articulated robots&nbsp;can perform tasks with greater speed and efficiency than human workers, resulting in increased productivity and reduced labor costs.</li><li dir="ltr">Safety:&nbsp;Articulated robots&nbsp;can perform tasks that are hazardous or dangerous for human workers, reducing the risk of workplace accidents and injuries.</li></ol>However, there are also limitations to the use of&nbsp;articulated robots. Some of these limitations include the following:<ol><li dir="ltr">Cost:&nbsp;Articulated robots&nbsp;can be expensive to purchase and maintain, making them less accessible to small and medium-sized businesses.</li><li dir="ltr">Complex Programming:&nbsp;Programming&nbsp;articulated robots&nbsp;can be complex and time-consuming, requiring specialized knowledge and expertise.</li><li dir="ltr">Maintenance:&nbsp;The maintenance of&nbsp;articulated robots&nbsp;can be challenging, requiring specialized skills and equipment.</li><li dir="ltr">Space requirements:&nbsp;Articulated robots&nbsp;require a significant amount of space to operate, which can be a limitation in smaller facilities.</li><li dir="ltr">Lack of adaptability:&nbsp;Articulated robots&nbsp;may struggle to perform tasks in constantly changing or unpredictable environments, as they are programmed to perform specific tasks in a set environment.</li></ol>While&nbsp;articulated robots&nbsp;offer several advantages over traditional industrial&nbsp;automation&nbsp;methods, it is important to consider their limitations and potential challenges before implementing them in a business or manufacturing setting.<h1 dir="ltr">Applications of Articulated Robots</h1>Articulated robots&nbsp;are used in a wide range of industries and applications, including manufacturing, healthcare, and entertainment. Here are some of the most common applications of&nbsp;articulated robots:<ol><li dir="ltr">Manufacturing:&nbsp;Articulated robots&nbsp;are widely used in manufacturing industries for tasks such as assembly, welding, painting, packaging, and&nbsp;material handling. These robots can perform these tasks with high precision and speed, resulting in increased productivity and efficiency.</li><li dir="ltr">Healthcare:&nbsp;Articulated robots&nbsp;are increasingly being used in healthcare applications, such as surgery and rehabilitation. They can perform surgical procedures with greater precision and accuracy than human surgeons, reducing recovery times and improving patient outcomes.</li><li dir="ltr">Entertainment:&nbsp;Articulated robots&nbsp;are used in the entertainment industry for tasks such as animatronics, special effects, and puppetry. They can be programmed to perform complex movements and actions, resulting in lifelike performances and realistic special effects.</li></ol><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1679837679185-1679837679185.png" width="720" height="480" id="isPasted" class="fr-fic fr-dii" alt="articulated-robot-arm-manufacturing-application">Fig. 1: Articulated robot used for pick and place application<ol start="4"><li dir="ltr">Agriculture:&nbsp;Articulated robots&nbsp;are used in agriculture for tasks such as harvesting, planting, and spraying. By operating in difficult and dangerous environments,&nbsp;articulated robots&nbsp;reduce the risk of injury to human workers and improve the efficiency of the agricultural process.</li><li dir="ltr">Military and Defense:&nbsp;Articulated robots&nbsp;are used in military and defense applications for tasks such as bomb disposal and reconnaissance. These robots can operate in hazardous environments, reducing the risk of injury to military personnel and improving the safety and effectiveness of military operations.</li><li dir="ltr">Education:&nbsp;Articulated robots&nbsp;are increasingly being used in educational settings to teach students about robots and&nbsp;robotic automation. Robots are specifically programmed to perform a specific set of tasks, allowing students to learn about robotics in a hands-on, interactive way.</li></ol><h1 dir="ltr">Selection Criteria for Articulated Robots</h1>When it comes to selecting an&nbsp;industrial robot, there are a variety of factors to consider, including the application,&nbsp;payload&nbsp;capacity, reach, and&nbsp;repeatability&nbsp;required. In some cases, an&nbsp;articulated robot&nbsp;may be the best choice, while in others, a different&nbsp;type of robot, such as a&nbsp;Cartesian robot, a&nbsp;SCARA robot, or a&nbsp;Delta robot, may be more appropriate.Suggested Reading:<a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/what-are-robot-gantries-types-applications-advantages-selection-criteria-and-more" target="_blank">&nbsp;What are Robot Gantries? Types, Applications, Advantages, Selection Criteria, and more</a>Articulated robots&nbsp;are often the preferred choice when a high degree of flexibility and maneuverability is required. These robots have multiple joints that can move independently, allowing them to reach a wide range of positions and orientations.The ability of&nbsp;articulated robots&nbsp;to move in multiple directions makes them well-suited for applications that require complex movements. They are also capable of handling a variety of&nbsp;payloads, from small electronic components to heavy&nbsp;automotive&nbsp;parts.In contrast,&nbsp;Cartesian robots&nbsp;are designed to move in a straight line along three axes, making them ideal for applications that require precise linear motion in a cubical&nbsp;work envelope. Another type of&nbsp;industrial robot&nbsp;is the&nbsp;SCARA robot, which is designed for tasks that require&nbsp;high-speed,&nbsp;precise movement&nbsp;in a horizontal plane.When deciding whether to use an&nbsp;articulated robot&nbsp;or another type of&nbsp;industrial robot, it is important to consider the specific requirements of the application.&nbsp;Articulated robots&nbsp;are best suited for applications that require a high degree of flexibility and maneuverability, while Cartesian and&nbsp;SCARA robots&nbsp;are better suited for applications that require precise linear or horizontal movement.Ultimately, the selection of an&nbsp;industrial robot&nbsp;will depend on the application&#39;s specific needs, as well as factors such as cost, ease of programming, and maintenance requirements. By carefully evaluating the application&#39;s requirements, it is possible to choose the right&nbsp;type of robot&nbsp;for the job and ensure maximum efficiency and productivity.<h1 dir="ltr">Future Developments in Articulated Robots</h1>As technology continues to evolve,&nbsp;articulated robots&nbsp;are expected to become even more advanced and versatile. Here are some of the developments that we can expect to see in the future of&nbsp;articulated robotics:<ol><li dir="ltr">Enhanced sensory capabilities:&nbsp;As sensor technology continues to improve,&nbsp;articulated robots&nbsp;will be able to sense and respond to their environment in more sophisticated ways. This will allow robots to adapt to changing environments and perform more complex tasks.</li><li dir="ltr">Improved mobility:&nbsp;Advances in mobility technology, such as the development of new types of actuators and locomotion systems, will allow&nbsp;articulated robots&nbsp;to move more efficiently and effectively in a wider range of environments.</li><li dir="ltr">Artificial intelligence:&nbsp;The integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms into&nbsp;articulated robots&nbsp;will enable them to learn and adapt to new tasks and environments more quickly and efficiently.</li><li dir="ltr">Collaborative robots:&nbsp;Collaborative robots, or &quot;cobots,&quot; will become more prevalent in the future of&nbsp;articulated robotics. These robots are designed to work alongside human workers, performing tasks that are too dangerous, repetitive, or strenuous for humans to perform.</li><li dir="ltr">Miniaturization:&nbsp;Advances in miniaturization technology will allow for the development of smaller, more compact&nbsp;articulated robots&nbsp;that can perform tasks in tight spaces or delicate environments.</li></ol><h1 dir="ltr">Conclusion</h1>Articulated robots&nbsp;have revolutionized the field of industrial&nbsp;automation, offering greater flexibility, precision, and efficiency than traditional&nbsp;factory automation&nbsp;methods. These robots are used in various industries and applications, from manufacturing and healthcare to entertainment and agriculture.While there are limitations to the use of&nbsp;articulated robots, such as cost and programming complexity, their advantages make them an attractive option for businesses looking to improve their productivity and efficiency.Looking to the future, we can expect to see continued advancements in&nbsp;articulated robot&nbsp;technology, such as enhanced sensory capabilities, improved mobility, and the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms. These developments will further increase the&nbsp;versatility&nbsp;and efficiency of&nbsp;articulated robots, allowing them to perform even more complex tasks in a wider range of environments.The future of&nbsp;articulated robotics&nbsp;is promising, and businesses that embrace this technology will likely see significant benefits in increased productivity, efficiency, and safety.

Articulated robots are highly versatile and efficient robots that have the ability to mimic human arm movements for various industrial and commercial applications.

What are Articulated Robots? Anatomy, Control Systems, Advantages, Selection Criteria, and Applications

With unmatched precision and adaptability, manipulator robots have become indispensable in numerous industries reliant on automation. This article outlines their design, components, classifications, applications, and the emerging trends influencing their role in the world of robotics.

What are manipulator robots? Understanding their Design, Types, and Applications

Robotic joints, which are sometimes known as axes, are the moveable parts of a robot that cause relative motion between adjacent links. These links refer to the rigid components that connect the joints to ensure their proper and straightforward operation. 

robotic arms

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What are manipulator robots? Understanding their Design, Types, and Applica...

Profiles