A voltage reference is a precision circuit that delivers a stable output voltage independent of temperature, power supply, and load variations. This article covers key reference technologies, specifications, selection criteria, PCB design, and applications in ADCs, DACs, and calibration systems.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have, for the first time, created certifiably perfect random numbers using a quantum experiment. These can be used, for instance, for encrypting messages.
A critical flaw in random number generators puts the security of billions of low-cost IoT devices at risk. This means a new approach for generating random numbers is needed, which can be found in extracting entropy from SRAM behaviour.
A voltage reference is a precision circuit that delivers a stable output voltage independent of temperature, power supply, and load variations. This article covers key reference technologies, specifications, selection criteria, PCB design, and applications in ADCs, DACs, and calibration systems.
Active high-pass filters remove unwanted low-frequency signals while preserving useful higher frequencies. This article covers first- and second-order filter design, Sallen-Key and multiple-feedback topologies, and practical applications in audio electronics, instrumentation, and signal processing.
Active low-pass filters use op-amps, resistors, and capacitors to pass low-frequency signals while attenuating higher frequencies. This article covers first-order and second-order filter design, Sallen-Key and MFB topologies, cutoff frequency, Q factor, and applications.
A bandpass filter is a circuit that allows a selected range of frequencies to pass while reducing low and high frequencies. This article covers the design of active bandpass filters using op-amps, resistors, and capacitors, including cutoff and center frequencies,, Sallen-Key and MFB topologies.
With the growing threat of cyberattacks, it is essential that developers keep security considerations in mind throughout the design process. By following some practical tips and recommendations, developers can guard against a wide range of attack scenarios.
Hackers can access sensitive data and disrupt device operations by activating embedded malware or hardware trojans in counterfeit components. How can you avoid these issues?
Silicon-level security is crucial in protecting the hardware of computing devices, serving as a foundational layer for data integrity and system reliability in our increasingly digital world.
Many IoT products need to be adequately secured and, as such, represent vulnerable entry points for attacks on critical infrastructure. Or the IoT device itself can be the specific target due to the data it hosts – for example, video from security cameras and patient information from medical wearables.
GraphQL is a query language that provides a more efficient, powerful, and flexible alternative to RESTful APIs (GraphQL, 2023). A RESTful API is an architectural style for an application program interface (API) that employs HTTP requests to access and use data.
This article provides a detailed overview of the Modbus TCP protocol fundamentals, communication, data representation, security, daily life applications, and integration.