In the last few decades, the world has seen a rapid transformation in how we live, work, and communicate, primarily due to technological advancements. This shift is commonly referred to as Industry 4.0, a term that represents the fourth industrial revolution. With Industry 4.0, we are witnessing the integration of new technologies such as artificial intelligence, robotics, the Internet of Things, and others into the manufacturing industry, making it smarter, more efficient, and more connected than ever.&nbsp;As Industry 4.0 continues to reshape the manufacturing industry, it is also reshaping the job market, creating a need for a new set of skills and competencies. This means that educators and institutions are responsible for preparing students for the demands of the future job market and ensuring they have the skills necessary to succeed in the Industry 4.0 era. In this article, we will explore the meaning of Industry 4.0, the skills required for it, and strategies for preparing students for this revolution.<h2 id="isPasted">What is Industry 4.0, and why prepare for it?</h2>Since its early days, the manufacturing industry has undergone multiple transformations thanks to technological advancements brought by the first, second, third, and now fourth industrial revolution, also known as Industry 4.0. From water and steam power generation to electricity and assembly lines to computers and automation, manufacturers worldwide are now adopting advanced technologies to streamline processes, increase efficiency, and reduce costs.While the technologies and applications of Industry 4.0 vary from manufacturer to manufacturer, here are the most common ones the fourth tech era operates through:<ol><li>Smart sensors and Internet of Things (IoT) devices that collect and analyze data in real-time to improve production processes, reduce waste, and prevent equipment breakdowns.</li><li>Robotics and automation systems that can perform repetitive tasks faster, with higher precision and quality, and with less risk of errors and accidents.</li><li>Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML)&nbsp;algorithms that can analyze large data sets and identify patterns, trends, and insights that can be used to optimize processes, reduce costs, and increase efficiency.</li><li>Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, which allows manufacturers to produce complex parts and products with minimal waste and lead time, and greater customization and flexibility.</li><li>3D scanning technologies that allow manufacturers to create accurate and detailed digital replicas of physical objects and environments for quality control, inspection, and reverse engineering purposes.</li><li>Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR/VR)&nbsp;technologies that can improve training and maintenance processes by providing immersive and interactive experiences that simulate real-life scenarios and enhance learning and retention.</li><li>Cloud computing and Big Data analytics that enable manufacturers to store, process, and analyze large amounts of data from various sources, including sensors, machines, and humans, and use it to improve decision-making and innovation.</li><li>Cybersecurity solutions that protect sensitive data, intellectual property, and critical infrastructure from cyber threats and attacks.</li></ol>Despite the optimization and, in some cases, reduction of human resources due to the introduction of these technologies, a <a href="https://www.themanufacturinginstitute.org/research/2018-deloitte-and-the-manufacturing-institute-skills-gap-and-future-of-work-study/" target="_blank">recent study by Deloitte and the Manufacturing Institute states</a> that Industry 4.0 technologies are likely to create more jobs than they destroy. Even before the pandemic, one of the industry&rsquo;s significant challenges was a lack of skilled labor. According to the study, the manufacturing skills gap could result in 2.1 million unfilled jobs in 2030 in the U.S. alone and cost up to $1 trillion.To address the growing skill gap, it&rsquo;s crucial to provide relevant education and training not only to the existing workforce but also to students still choosing their path and considering manufacturing as one of their options. As Industry 4.0 technologies become more pervasive and influential, they will require a new set of skills and knowledge from future manufacturing workers to succeed in the job market. Some of the manufacturing jobs that will be common in 2030 don&rsquo;t exist yet, while the current ones may no longer be in place soon.That&rsquo;s why students must prepare for the new, constantly changing reality of Industry 4.0 to find meaningful and rewarding careers.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1686124988543-industry-4-automotive-production-line-1024x576.jpeg" style="width: 766px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">Automated robot arms on a car assembly line&nbsp;<h2 id="isPasted">Skills required for Industry 4.0</h2>As Industry 4.0 continues to evolve and reshape the manufacturing industry, so do the new jobs and career pathways, creating a demand for new skills and competencies. Robots and computers already perform some of the routine, mundane, and repetitive tasks, allowing workers to focus more on strategic decision-making, problem-solving, and communication activities. On the other hand, educational systems are having a hard time keeping up with all the technological changes happening in the industry. As a result, there is still a massive gap between the demand for skilled workers and what students are learning.To succeed in the Industry 4.0 era, students must acquire skills that combine technical, cognitive, and socio-emotional abilities. These skills can vary depending on the industry, job role, and level of responsibility, but some of the must-haves are:<ol><li>Digital literacy: using digital tools and platforms to communicate, collaborate, and solve problems. Examples include using social media, email, instant messaging, video conferencing, cloud storage, and project management software.</li><li>Data analysis: the ability to collect, process, interpret, and visualize data from various sources and formats to gain insights, make decisions, and improve performance. Examples include using Excel, Tableau, Python, or R to analyze sales data, customer feedback, or production metrics.</li><li>Automation and robotics: the ability to design, program, operate, and maintain automated and robotic systems that can perform repetitive, hazardous, or complex tasks. Examples include using Arduino, Raspberry Pi, or PLCs to control a robotic arm, conveyor belt, 3D printer, or 3D scanner.</li><li>Artificial intelligence and machine learning: the ability to understand, apply, and develop algorithms and models to learn from data, make predictions, and optimize processes. Examples include using neural networks, decision trees, or reinforcement learning to create chatbots, predictive maintenance systems, or supply chain optimization tools.</li><li>Creativity and innovation: the ability to generate, evaluate, and implement new ideas, products, or processes to create value for customers, stakeholders, and society. Examples include designing a new product line, developing a marketing campaign, or improving a production process to reduce waste or energy consumption.</li><li>Critical thinking and problem-solving: the ability to analyze, evaluate, and solve complex and ambiguous problems by applying logic, evidence, and creativity. Examples include troubleshooting a machine malfunction, resolving a customer complaint, or identifying the root cause of a quality issue.</li><li>Communication and collaboration: the ability to express ideas, listen actively, and work effectively with others from diverse backgrounds, cultures, and perspectives. Examples include giving a presentation, participating in a team project, or resolving a conflict with a colleague.</li></ol>Industry 4.0 opens up many challenging and exciting opportunities for students. It requires a deep technological skillset and soft skills, such as creativity, problem-solving, communication, and collaboration, that are essential for innovation and competitiveness. Students who can develop and apply these skills in the <a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/blog/webinars/overcome-industry-40-inspection-challenges/" target="_blank">context of Industry 4.0</a> are likely to be in high demand by employers and have more career advancement and personal growth opportunities.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1686125013805-student-engineer-virtual-reality-1024x576.jpeg" style="width: 766px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">The student engineer is utilizing virtual reality software to advance his project.&nbsp;<h2 id="isPasted">How to prepare students for Industry 4.0</h2>Preparing students for Industry 4.0 requires a joint and proactive approach from educators and institutions. Here are some strategies for effectively preparing students for the demands of the future manufacturing job market:<h3>Integrate Industry 4.0 technologies in the classroom</h3>To keep students up-to-date and give them hands-on experience with all the recent advanced technologies used in manufacturing, educators can incorporate Industry 4.0 technologies directly into the classroom.This could include using virtual reality simulations to teach complex concepts or incorporating robotics and automation into the curriculum. It can also involve setting up in-house maker spaces where students can learn to operate various hardware and software tools, such as 3D printers, <a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/en/portable-3d-scanners" target="_blank">3D scanners</a>, laser cutters, CNC machines, CAD software, and 3D sculpting software. Such places can expose students to the world of high-tech technologies and give them a perspective on what their day-to-day at work can look like. Having experience operating a 3D scanner or using <a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/en/metrology-solutions/3d-applications-software-platforms/vxmodel-scan-cad-software-module" target="_blank">CAD software</a> can enrich their learning experience and give them an edge over others when looking for that dream job.One example of such an initiative is the <a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/blog/3d-scanning-in-a-design-and-innovation-lab/" target="_blank">Design and Innovation Makerspace</a> in the College of Engineering at the University of Wisconsin&ndash;Madison. Launched in 2017 after the overhaul of an old engineering library, the Makerspace offers their students access to a broad range of very impressive high-tech equipment, including 3D printers, 3D scanners, CNC routers, laser cutters, drones, VR/AR headsets, and more. Largely student-run, Makerspace strives to empower students by creating a community immersed in emerging technologies and focused on creating innovative products. For instance, one of the most popular and versatile pieces of equipment used by students from various faculties is Creaform Academia&rsquo;s portable 3D scanners. With them, students can easily digitize any physical object, whether an auto part or a historical artifact, and bring it into the digital world.If setting up such a space is out of your budget, it&rsquo;s still possible to expose students to all the latest tools by partnering with a local maker space or a science center. Such places can provide access to high-tech equipment and organize full training for teachers, so they can later introduce such classes into their curricula.Traditional shop classes can no longer sustain or prepare students for the growing industry demands for highly skilled workers, which is why integrating Industry 4.0 technologies, such as additive manufacturing, robotics, and coding, into the schools&rsquo; programs is necessary.<iframe width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/P6BvNB66V7Q?&wmode=opaque&rel=0&enablejsapi=1&origin=https://www.wevolver.com" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true"></iframe><h3 id="isPasted">Collaborate&nbsp;with industry partners and professionals</h3>Partnering with local businesses and industry leaders can provide students with valuable opportunities to get real-world experience, learn about the latest trends and technologies, and gain insights into the skills and competencies required for Industry 4.0 jobs. To achieve this, educators can collaborate with industry partners and professionals in multiple ways.For instance, they can invite industry experts as guest lecturers to teach hands-on classes or workshops on Industry 4.0-related subjects, where students can learn some practical skills, or they can share their career journey and answer questions that students might have.Another way is to organize regular tours of the factories and production facilities, where students can observe some of the manufacturing processes and what the daily life of a manufacturing worker can look like. Finally, educators can provide students with opportunities to participate in internships or apprenticeships with industry partners to get real-life experience that will help them in their future career paths.Regardless of the format, working with industry leaders can give schools the latest industry insights and knowledge they won&rsquo;t get anywhere else.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1686125054147-peel-3-application-EDU-1-1024x683.webp" style="width: 766px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">Using the Peel 3 3D scanner, the teacher imparts knowledge to his students about the essential concepts of 3D scanning.&nbsp;<h3 id="isPasted">Provide mentorship, coaching, and career guidance</h3>Navigating the complex and dynamic Industry 4.0 job market can be overwhelming, especially if the two factors above haven&rsquo;t yet been introduced into the school system. Despite all the technological breakthroughs and innovations introduced in recent years, the manufacturing industry is still publicly perceived as dangerous, dirty, and having low job security.To change that perception and create a pipeline of qualified applicants, educators must provide mentorship, coaching, and career guidance for students who aspire to pursue a career in Industry 4.0. For example, schools can create mentoring programs that connect students with experienced professionals who can share their knowledge, skills, and networks and provide feedback, advice, and support. Schools can also offer career counseling and job placement services that help students identify their strengths, interests, and goals and match them with relevant job opportunities and employers.They can also highlight the opportunities, rewards, and benefits of pursuing a career in this field by showing students the salary upside of working in manufacturing. Give them real-world examples of what they can expect to make if they have certain skills and certifications. One way to do so is to create credits that can be used toward certifications when students graduate. Let students accumulate credits or work toward certifications they can take when they graduate. With these in hand, they can either go on to further study or get a job.<h2>Conclusion</h2>As we see, Industry 4.0 keeps transforming the manufacturing industry, creating new opportunities and challenges for students preparing to enter the workforce. To ensure that the next generation of workers is ready for these opportunities and challenges, we must prepare students for Industry 4.0 jobs, update the curriculum to focus on emerging technologies and industry trends, and establish partnerships between educational institutions and industry leaders. By working together, we can bridge the skills gap and ensure that the manufacturing industry has access to the talent it needs to continue to grow and innovate.

In an engineering lab, students learn how to 3D scan objects in real-time.

Learn how to prepare students for the demands of the future job market and ensure they have the skills necessary to succeed in the Industry 4.0 era.

Prepare Your Students for Industry 4.0

<h4 id="isPasted">How Forward AM and OECHSLER Enable Robots and Humans to Collaborate Safely at Profitable Speed</h4>In today&rsquo;s modern factories around the globe, many production steps are automated and carried out by robots.<div data-parent="true" data-section="2"><div data-imgready="true"><div data-imgready="true"><hr>Humans sharing a workspace and collaborating with robots has become a reality that companies and their smart factories just can&rsquo;t do without, as it allows flexible manufacturing in variable batch sizes with maximum efficiency. In short, successful human-machine interaction is key for future-proof manufacturing.</div>With Additive Manufacturing (AM), it is now possible to create new functionalities for robots and to unlock novel possibilities. The AM technology is perfectly suited for the production of small, customized batches for robotic parts like grippers &ndash; and it is ideally capable to integrate internal ducts, as air pressure and vacuums play an important role in this industry.</div></div><div data-parent="true" data-section="3"><div data-imgready="true"><h2>The challenge &ndash; safe human-robot collaboration at profitable speed</h2>Collaborative robots (short: cobots) become increasingly present in manufacturing. Designed to work alongside humans in shared areas, they work together &lsquo;hand in hand&rsquo; &nbsp;&ndash; which makes it crucial to ensure safety by avoiding collisions of cobot and human co-worker.This is prevalently achieved by inherent optical sensors which trigger an immediate stop of the cobot in case of unexpected contact: whenever a human co-worker enters the defined warning zone, the system lowers its speed to a minimum and if the person keeps approaching, the system stops &ndash; only after the individuum departs, the system accelerates back to full speed. It&rsquo;s obvious: this results in highly limited processing speeds of the cobot and thus higher cost and lower productivity for the manufacturing company. These interruptions in the workflow may lead to unstable cycle times as well, and foremost &ndash; it is absolutely contrary to the intention of cobots being deployed flexibly and easy to integrate as a plug-and-play system: To achieve an appropriate reaction to an approaching human co-worker, cobots have to be programmed accordingly; always depending on the cobot&rsquo;s task, its exact form of cooperation with the human worker, and its physical position in the factory. Whenever the cobot is deployed at another workstation on the assembly line, or performs different tasks and movements, its programming has to be adapted. This limited flexibility only allows pre-defined reactions of the cobot.</div></div><div data-parent="true" data-section="4"><div data-imgready="true"><h2>The solution &ndash; a protective lattice skin for cobots made of Forward AM&rsquo;s Ultrasint&reg; TPU01</h2><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1686124163231-forward-am-use-case-cobotics-roboskin-3-1.jpg" style="width: 766px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><div id="isPasted"><div>The cobot Kuka iiwa with mounted RoboSkin made from lattice structures printed with Ultrasint&reg; TPU01. (Source: OECHSLER).&nbsp;</div></div>A new approach by Forward AM and OECHSLER, a leading German polymer processing company, enables humans and cobots to share a workspace without any safety risks and manufacturing companies to keep productivity constantly high.How? By adding a new layer to the current solution &ndash; literally. A thin, high cushioning second &lsquo;skin layer&rsquo; is wrapped around the cobot&rsquo;s joints. Using Forward AM&rsquo;s <a href="https://forward-am.com/find-material/powder-bed-fusion/ultrasint-tpu-line/tpu01/" target="_blank">Ultrasint&reg; TPU01</a> to 3D print the RoboSkin enables a flexible and individualized lattice structure. <a href="https://forward-am.com/find-material/powder-bed-fusion/ultrasint-tpu-line/tpu01/" target="_blank">Ultrasint&reg; TPU01</a> is a thermoplastic polyurethane powder specifically designed for HP 5200 series Multi Jet Fusion printers. This flexible material is ideal for producing parts requiring high shock absorption at excellent flexibility depending on the functional requirements of the application, making it the perfect match for the cobot&rsquo;s protective skin and its cushioning function.The benefits of the lattice RoboSkin are manifold. Putting safety first, it reduces the risk of injuries to human workers interacting with the cobot. At the same time, production speed can be increased strikingly: Since the collision forces and pressures are highly damped by the RoboSkin, the cobot&rsquo;s speed can accordingly be higher up to 150 percent&ndash; thus enabling increased productivity for the manufacturer.The overall handling of the skin is easy: Because the RoboSkin works as a mechanical collision buffer, it requires no additional sensors, just the TPU layer that takes up only minimal installation space and is mounted with an easy system. Moreover, the lattice design of the skin is easily, rapidly and cost-effectively adaptable to every cobot type, thanks to the advantages of 3D printing. In production halls, cobots are often deployed at different workstations. The RoboSkin eliminates the need for dismantling, re-assembly and re-calibration, thus saving time and cost.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1686124103917-forward-am-use-case-cobotics-roboskin-1-1.jpg" style="width: 766px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><div id="isPasted"><div>Thanks to Additive Manufacturing and its design freedom, the RoboSkin is easily adaptable to different shapes and functionalities of each cobot. This image shows a RoboSkin for the axes 2 and 3 of the cobot Kuka iiwa created with a lattice structure printed with Ultrasint&reg; TPU01. (Source: OECHSLER).&nbsp;</div></div></div></div><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1686124118929-forward-am-use-case-cobotics-roboskin-2-1.jpg" style="width: 766px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">Different axis, different RoboSkin &ndash; this image shows a cover for the axis 4 of the cobot Kuka iiwa (Source: OECHSLER).&nbsp;<blockquote><div data-imgready="true" id="isPasted">&ldquo;The RoboSkin solves a complex problem with a seemingly simple solution, enabling the end user to optimize the productivity of the human-robot-collaboration application. With AM, we can offer a configurable soft skin according to the safety needs at reasonable pricing &ndash; and which is reliable, easy to handle, lightweight, space-saving and permeable to ensure profitable performance.&rdquo;Meike Wischgoll, Program Manager, OECHSLER</div></blockquote><div data-parent="true" data-section="4"><div data-imgready="true"><div data-parent="true" data-section="6"><div data-imgready="true">Together, OECHSLER and Forward AM are enabling a solution that delivers a significant increase in safety and productivity. Harnessing the advantages of AM, human workers and cobots can work together at minimum risk of injury while maximizing productivity.</div></div></div></div>

Humans sharing a workspace and collaborating with robots has become a reality that companies and their smart factories just can’t do without, as it allows flexible manufacturing in variable batch sizes with maximum efficiency. In short, successful human-machine interaction is key for future-proof manufacturing.

Protective Lattice Layer for Cobots

3D printing is a well-known Additive Manufacturing technique, it can create three-dimensional objects by depositing materials layer by layer. Processes such as SLA (stereolithography) and DLP (digital light processing) are in particular known for high precision and resolution. While it is compatible with various materials, including polymers, metals, and ceramics, and commonly used in rapid prototyping as it enables fast design iterations, it may not achieve the same level of precision as other techniques such as Electroforming and lacks the capacity for high volume production runs.&nbsp;<a href="https://insights.vecoprecision.com/electroforming-vs.-3d-printing-whats-the-difference" rel="noopener" target="_blank">-&gt; Learn more about the comparison of Electroforming and 3D Printing</a>Laser Cutting uses focused laser beams to cut through materials, creating precise patterns and shapes. With Laser Cutting, intricate patterns with tight tolerances can be achieved. Although there are other advantages such as high precision and a wide range of compatible materials, it also has some limitations, such as HAZ (heat affected zones) which is thermal damage from the laser process.<a href="https://insights.vecoprecision.com/electroforming-vs.-laser-cutting-whats-the-difference" rel="noopener" target="_blank">-&gt; Learn more about the comparison of Electroforming and Laser Cutting</a>Micro Milling is a Subtractive Manufacturing process that involves the removal of material using rotating cutting tools with very small diameters. This technique works with various materials, such as metals, ceramics, and polymers, and can achieve tight tolerances and smooth surface finishes. On the other hand, due to its vibration/rotating feature, an additional process for stabilization might be required when high precision cannot be compromised.<a href="https://insights.vecoprecision.com/large-volumes-small-parts-a-comparison-between-electroforming-and-micro-milling" rel="noopener" target="_blank">-&gt; Learn more about the comparison of Electroforming and Micro Milling</a>Micro punching uses robust &lsquo;masters&rsquo; to punch holes in (mostly metal) substrates. As nozzle specifications have ever tighter tolerances, fewer masters can be used in parallel to reduce the variation. This slows down the production process while increasing the price.<a href="https://www.vecoprecision.com/electroforming/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Electroforming</a>&nbsp;is an additive manufacturing method that combines lithography with highly controlled electrodeposition which is highly suitable to create metal parts with micro holes of any shape. The lithography allows for small feature sizes with tight tolerances while electrodeposition grows a large number of parts in parallel without local damage or deformations. By combining several lithography and electrodeposition steps Electroforming can also integrate micro nozzles with channels, distance holders, or filtration structures.<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNjg2MTIzODU4Nzg5LVNjcmVlbnNob3QgMjAyMy0wNi0wNyBhdCAxNS40MS41OS5wbmciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjk1MCwiZml0IjoiY292ZXIifX19" style="width: 766px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">Examples of electroformed nozzles&nbsp;When comparing 3D printing, Laser Cutting, Micro Milling, and Electroforming, many factors come into play. The choice of technology for producing micro-fabricated nozzle plates depends on the specific requirements of the application and the desired characteristics of the final product. Here we compare 4 key factors: Precision, Customization, Scalability, and Material capability.Precision: Electroforming offers the highest precision and accuracy, down to the sub-micron level, making it ideal for intricate structures and fine features. Laser cutting and Micro Milling offer good precision but may not achieve the same level of detail as Electroforming. 3D printing provides moderate precision, depending on the specific technology used (SLM, EBM, etc.).Customization: Electroforming allows for a high degree of customization, enabling the creation of complex geometries tailored to specific applications and the integration of additional functionalities such as channels into a single part. Laser cutting and Micro Milling also offer customization capabilities, but their potential may be limited by the complexity of the desired design. 3D printing provides the greatest design freedom, allowing for the creation of complex geometries and internal structures that may be challenging or impossible to achieve with other methods.Scalability:&nbsp;Electroforming is well-suited for large-scale production due to its high repeatability and consistency across multiple production runs. Laser cutting offers a moderate level of scalability, depending on the specific setup and materials used. Micro Milling and 3D printing are better suited for small-scale production or rapid prototyping, as their efficiency may decrease in larger-scale applications.Material Compatibility:&nbsp;Electroforming is focused explicitly on metal deposition, making it suitable for producing metal nozzle plates. Laser cutting and Micro Milling are also adaptable to a wide range of materials, such as metals, plastics, and ceramics. 3D printing can work with different materials depending on the specific technology, with metal 3D printing techniques like SLM and EBM being particularly relevant for nozzle plates.In conclusion, Laser cutting, and Micro Milling provide normal precision and flexibility for applications not driven by extreme accuracy, while 3D printing offers unparalleled design freedom and material efficiency but is not comparable in precision. Electroforming excels in precision, customization, and scalability, making it particularly suitable for high-resolution and large-scale applications.Electroforming: Additive Manufacturing atom by atom<a href="https://www.vecoprecision.com/electroforming/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Electroforming</a> is an advanced Additive Manufacturing technology specialized for producing <a href="https://www.vecoprecision.com/products/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">high-precision metal parts</a>. Its uniqueness is that you can grow metal parts atom by atom, providing extreme accuracy and high aspect ratios. This process involves the use of an electric current to deposit layers of metal onto a substrate or mold, resulting in a highly accurate and precise reproduction of the original shape.There are several key benefits that make Electroforming particularly well-suited for the production of <a href="https://www.vecoprecision.com/products/micro-nozzle-plates/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">micro-nozzle plates</a>. Micro-nozzle plates require a high degree of accuracy and precision to function properly, and the Electroforming process can achieve this level of precision with a high degree of consistency. In addition, the Electroforming process is able to produce complex shapes with a high level of detail, which is critical in the production of micro-nozzle plates. These plates typically include a large number of very small nozzles, which require a high degree of accuracy and precision in order to function properly. Finally, Electroforming is a highly efficient and cost-effective manufacturing process, which is important in producing micro-nozzle plates. These plates are typically used in high-volume applications, where the ability to produce large quantities of parts quickly and efficiently is critical.<a href="https://insights.vecoprecision.com/cs/c/?cta_guid=8681c2ee-0a4a-407d-9e8c-85b23a7efd3f&signature=AAH58kEMSQR3cdQZ8AGE7ZNxiT4RQ2CXcQ&pageId=112575129227&placement_guid=056f005b-1e5e-49f9-b6d2-99830614eb56&click=a5ddf881-0995-423e-accb-0f06b9110c8c&hsutk=97710d8cef260b164f288d3460335fe3&canon=https%3A%2F%2Finsights.vecoprecision.com%2Fthe-making-of-micro-precision-nozzle-plates-3d-printing-laser-cutting-micro-milling-and-electroforming-compared&portal_id=1788947&redirect_url=APefjpGd17WwmSDSm36cLF2XSoWjfQRHaa43B7la0_L-iM6yd-D3msMSyL_7WOcYhUunyYIO9Rnsyy6LZCiOKrgHSMm8dby6zx5aCkXoasfmrsiuGZ_KHd0HAKKcBiFDkw-30qOT32Hm9umHkcLDapHM6Z8qhrUHjo-Q6ZwFjNpCD86sdetQ8OV3iMLhYUCkyjf5p_sMHhOL_paAFhBBOh4FWI4QEgFpDxhInOyzVBM5W8zyCK_WZyamYi8Cb3kQp3UEpbm9qCgC_E0gLpsxb4dPtklv9wwWrXyHKsRtHYAk440OnPMAonY&__hstc=207439628.97710d8cef260b164f288d3460335fe3.1683536443459.1686041795655.1686123279027.13&__hssc=207439628.3.1686123279027&__hsfp=2288638424&contentType=blog-post" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><img alt="New Call-to-action" src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNjg2MTIzODIyNDI1LTE2ODYxMjM4MjI0MjUucG5nIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjo5NTAsImZpdCI6ImNvdmVyIn19fQ==" class="fr-fic fr-dii"></a>

Micro-fabricated nozzle plates are used in various industries, such as inkjet printing, medical devices, and flow control. Manufacturing these nozzle plates requires precision and accuracy to achieve the desired performance. Several production technologies can be used to manufacture micro-fabricated metal nozzle plates, such as 3D printing, Laser Cutting, Micro Milling, Micro Punching, and Electroforming. 

In this article, we will introduce these production technologies, and illustrate how to find your preferred process for the production of micro-fabricated nozzle plates based on key features such as precision, customization, scalability, and material compatibility.

The making of micro-precision nozzle plates: 3D Printing, Laser Cutting, Micro Milling, Micro Punching, and Electroforming compared

According to manufacturer Creality, the Ender 3 print speed can reach an impressive 180 mm/s. But is it possible to successfully print at this high speed? If so, how?

Maximizing Your Ender 3 Print Speed: A Comprehensive Guide

There comes a time in many product development cycles when parts hit a seemingly immovable wall known as design for manufacturing (DFM), or in the case of&nbsp;<a href="https://www.protolabs.com/en-gb/services/3d-printing/?utm_source=wevolver&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=uk-design-tip-0623&utm_content=wevolver-size-constraints-3dp-dt-0623" target="_blank">3D printing</a>, design for additive manufacturing (DFaM). At Protolabs, this wall is most often represented by a red icon which indicates a change is required, followed by some computer-generated text suggesting a possible course of action.Such flags might include the ominous words &quot;Remove from Quote&quot; or a more agreeable &ldquo;Review and Accept.&rdquo; Whatever the case, it&rsquo;s important to recognise what the software is telling you and why it&rsquo;s saying it. You should also know that, even when the automated quoting tool seems to indicate that your design is doomed and you might as well go home for the day, alternatives exist. This design tip will describe three of the most common red flags in 3D printing, and offer a few helpful suggestions on ways to deal with them.<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNjg1OTYxNTI5MjUwLVBpY3R1cmUxLnBuZyIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTUwLCJmaXQiOiJjb3ZlciJ9fX0=" style="width: 488px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><h3 id="isPasted">Oversized Parts</h3>The &ldquo;Part too big&rdquo; flag is perhaps the most alarming because it&#39;s followed by the to-the-point &quot;Remove from Quote&quot; command mentioned a moment ago. Surprisingly, this manufacturing constraint is one of the easiest to work around, but before going into the how, let&rsquo;s talk about the why.As with any machine tool, 3D printers have set limits on bed sizes, thus defining the maximum size of workpieces a given machine can produce. Unlike most&nbsp;<a href="https://www.protolabs.com/en-gb/services/cnc-machining/?utm_source=wevolver&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=uk-design-tip-0623&utm_content=wevolver-size-constraints-3dp-dt-0623" target="_blank">CNC machining</a> centres, lathes, or EDM machines, though, 3D printers don&#39;t require that the part sits in a horizontal or vertical orientation during the manufacturing process.&nbsp;Consider a spur gear like the one shown in Figure 1. There are many ways to process such a part, but on a CNC machining centre, it would most likely be clamped in a vice or fixture on the machine table, resting on the gear&rsquo;s flat backside. The same can be said for the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.protolabs.com/en-gb/services/injection-moulding/plastic-injection-moulding/?utm_source=wevolver&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=uk-design-tip-0623&utm_content=wevolver-size-constraints-3dp-dt-0623" target="_blank">plastic injection mould</a> used to produce this part, which would be milled or EDMed in the same orientation.<h3>Constraint Workarounds</h3>Let&rsquo;s pretend that the designer would like to 3D-print a prototype of the spur gear before investing in the fixture, vice jaws, or possibly injection-mould the part. She knows that the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.protolabs.com/en-gb/resources/design-tips/designing-for-stereolithography/?utm_source=wevolver&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=uk-design-tip-0623&utm_content=wevolver-size-constraints-3dp-dt-0623" target="_blank">stereolithography</a> (SLA) printers at Protolabs can produce parts up to 736mm x 635mm x 533mm in size (in normal resolution), easily large enough for the gear&rsquo;s 350mm maximum dimension.But because she would like the gear to be very smooth and accurate, she chose to have it printed at micro-resolution using ABS-like MicroFine Green resin. However, this selection limits the maximum part size to 127mm across, leading to the &ldquo;Part too big&rdquo; warning and subsequent note that the part will be removed from the quote.Undeterred, the designer decided to leverage 3D printing&rsquo;s ability to manufacture parts in any orientation, so she tipped the CAD model at an angle, sort of like squeezing an oversize birthday gift into a too-small box. She also selected high-resolution when submitting the quote, increasing the maximum part size to 254mm in each direction.She quickly realised that tipping the gear means additional support structures are needed to constrain it during printing, thus increasing build time and part cost slightly. Sadly, she also found that the gear was still a bit too large by an inch or two, so she performed another additive-only magic trick&mdash;she sliced the part model into halves and modified it to include some mating pins and holes at the cut-line, intending to glue the pieces together after printing (a process that we call cut and glue). Problem solved. <img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNjg1OTYxNTU2MTk3LVBpY3R1cmUyLmpwZyIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTUwLCJmaXQiOiJjb3ZlciJ9fX0=" style="width: 416px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><h3 id="isPasted">Jumping the Gap</h3>Now take a look at the Small Gap warning in Figure 2. This indicates that the distance between each of the spur gear&rsquo;s teeth is less than the recommended 0.75mm, and that, depending on the 3D printing process, raw material, part geometry and orientation, the customer can expect partial or even complete fusing between some or all the teeth.Here&rsquo;s one place where micro-resolution shines. As noted earlier, it supports features down to 0.07mm in the horizontal direction, one-half and one-fourth the size of high- and normal-resolution respectively. This statement also holds true for the Thin Wall warning seen in Figure 3. In this situation, the as-printed teeth might not meet the desired dimensional or geometric tolerances and could even break off during printing. Micro-resolution SLA and high-resolution <a href="https://www.protolabs.com/en-gb/services/3d-printing/direct-metal-laser-sintering/?utm_source=wevolver&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=uk-design-tip-0623&utm_content=wevolver-size-constraints-3dp-dt-0623" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">direct metal laser sintering</a> (DMLS) are the best option in each of these cases, size constraints notwithstanding.&nbsp;<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNjg1OTYxNTgwMDk0LVBpY3R1cmUzLmpwZyIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTUwLCJmaXQiOiJjb3ZlciJ9fX0=" style="width: 407px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><h3>Grains of Salt</h3>Note the caveat from a moment ago, &ldquo;depending on the 3D printing process, raw material, part geometry and orientation.&rdquo; It&rsquo;s critical to remember that Protolabs offers five of the leading additive manufacturing (AM) technologies and over 25 different AM polymers, metals, and elastomers, each with its own unique properties and printability. This broad spectrum of manufacturing solutions means there&rsquo;s little we can&rsquo;t tackle, and that&rsquo;s not counting our other processes: CNC machining and plastic injection moulding.But due to this complexity, a short design tip like this can only scratch the surface of what&rsquo;s possible or how to deal with any given design advisory. In our gear example, fixing a thin wall or small gap warning might be as simple as selecting a different polymer, or moving to a different 3D printing technology, or as we&#39;ve seen, changing print resolution. It could also mean skipping the 3D printer entirely and prototyping the part using our quick-turn injection moulding service, an option that&#39;s easier (and less expensive) than one might think.The takeaway? Don&#39;t let red flags stop you. Use the automated quoting tool to get a quick price, narrow down your available options, and if you see something you don&#39;t like, don&#39;t understand, or can&#39;t figure out on your own, <a href="https://calendly.com/d/yyc-bqs-p9b?utm_source=protolabs&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=uk-ae-meet&utm_content=3dp-design-tip-04-23" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">book a meeting with one of our application engineers</a>. And above all, don&#39;t be afraid to think outside the box.&nbsp;

Navigating design for additive manufacturing advisories in your quote is easier than it seems, and it starts with thinking outside the box

How to Solve for Size Constraints, Small Gaps, and Thin Walls in 3D-Printed Parts

Several post-processing options are available after printing a part via <a data-hook="linkViewer" href="https://www.makerverse.ai/technologies-sls" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)</a>.<a data-hook="linkViewer" href="https://www.makerverse.ai/polymer-3d-printing/the-guide-to-selective-laser-sintering-(sls)-post-processing#viewer-undefined" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_self">&nbsp;</a>Some of these options are standard and applied to every part. Others are optional but can significantly impact the look, feel, and functionality.&nbsp;So which <a data-hook="linkViewer" href="https://www.makerverse.ai/post-processing" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">post-processing option</a> is suitable for your SLS components? This guide explains the different options and when to consider each one.<h2>Media Blasting&nbsp;</h2><div data-hook="imageViewer"><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNjg1Njk0OTkwNzAxLTQucG5nIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjo5NTAsImZpdCI6ImNvdmVyIn19fQ==" style="width: 766px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></div>This standard process is included in any order from the MakerVerse platform. Parts printed via SLS typically contain loose powder and a grainy finish, but media blasting remedies this. An abrasive media (such as sand or glass beads) is applied to the part under high pressure.Media blasting&rsquo;s benefits are functional (gaining a specific surface roughness) and optical (a clean, polished surface). Once media blasting has finished, the production of the component might be complete &ndash; or the additional post-processing options detailed below might take place.&nbsp;When to use this: Always. Media blasting is a standard process that improves surface quality and removes excess powder.Media TumblingMedia tumbling is a smoothing process that goes beyond what&rsquo;s possible with media blasting. During the tumbling process, the parts are added to a tumbler and then deburred, finely ground, and polished by the movements of the container. The result is a satin-like finish that is unattainable through media blasting.&nbsp;However, the part loses some material during this process. This could impact the look and mechanical properties of the part. For example, if the part has sharp edges or fragile features, media tumbling can adversely affect the final result.&nbsp;When to use this: If a satin-like finish is needed and the part is not fragile.&nbsp;<h2>Vapor Smoothing</h2>This is another smoothing option. However, this one is performed chemically rather than mechanically. During vapor smoothing, the top layer of the part is dissolved in a vapor chamber. The result is a smooth and even surface that retains the part&rsquo;s mechanical properties.&nbsp;When to use this: When the surface needs to be smoothed and evened but is too fragile for media tumbling.&nbsp;Color Dyeing<div data-hook="imageViewer"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1685695159235-3.png" style="width: 766px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></div>Parts printed through SLS are typically white, so adding additional colors is a popular in post processing. The SLS component is immersed in a water bath with a colored dye of choice in the dyeing process. The resulting chemical reaction causes the dye to penetrate the component, adding a homogenous color gradient to the part.&nbsp;When to use this:&nbsp;&nbsp;When only a single color is needed or if the part has a complex geometry&nbsp;Painting&nbsp;In painting, a professional spray painting systems adds additional colors to the printed part. The part is cleaned and a clearcoat is applied to protect the paint. With painting, there&rsquo;s a nearly infinite range of colors, but it can be difficult if the gemoetry of the part is complex.When to use this: When multiple colors or a range of colors are needed. Ideal for evaluating a printed prototype.&nbsp;<h2>Quality Measurements</h2>Quality measurements don&rsquo;t change the properties of a part, but this can be an invaluable process that ensures that the part is printed exactly as expected. There are <a data-hook="linkViewer" href="https://www.makerverse.ai/quality-offering" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">several quality measurements</a> available on the MakerVerse platform.&nbsp;Optical 3D Scan: High-quality stereo cameras compare the original design geometry with the finished part. With the false-color image provided by the scan, it&rsquo;s possible to spot geometric deviations from the original design. This option is ideal for a quick evaluation of dimensional stability<a data-hook="linkViewer" href="https://www.makerverse.ai/polymer-3d-printing/the-guide-to-selective-laser-sintering-(sls)-post-processing#viewer-undefined" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_self">.</a>Surface Roughness: A sensitive stylus measures the roughness of a part&rsquo;s surface. Best performed when the statistical deviations of a surface from the ideal form are required.When to use this: Whenever in-depth quality control is needed. It can be helpful before sourcing a larger batch of parts.Next StepsWhen creating parts using SLS technology, choosing the suitable post-processing options is a critical step. Selecting the right choice can affect the appearance and functionality of the component, so be sure to give proper attention to post processing.

Which post-processing option is right for your SLS part? This guide explains each option.


The Guide to Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) Post Processing

Image source: Vision, Robotics & Motion, “Robot”, 2023. Accessed via https://vision-robotics.nl/ 

Vision, Robotics & Motion is a highly anticipated event in the manufacturing industry that will take place in the Netherlands on the 7th and 8th of June, 2023. It will celebrate its 20th edition in 2023. 


Young Talent Square at Vision, Robotics & Motion 2023: Start-Ups and Student Teams Discuss Their Technologies

Electric machinery parts manufacturing in industry 

This guide delves into DFM's principles, implementation process, impacts, and challenges, aiming to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of this integral concept.

Enhancing Industrial Processes through Design for Manufacturing: A Comprehensive Guide

Metal additive manufacturing (AM) has been around for nearly three decades and has had a massive impact on how metal parts are made, especially in industries where complex designs and low-volume production runs are required. Today, the most common form of metal 3D printing is powder-based sintering technology&mdash;variously known as selective laser melting (SLM), laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), and direct metal laser sintering (DMLS). While this approach to metal AM has been around the longest and offers many advantages&mdash;including the ability to produce highly complex, precise parts&mdash;it also has its fair share of limitations.For instance, cost is a major limiting factor associated with SLM machines. Not only is the hardware prohibitively expensive (with some systems costing in the range of $1 million), the metal powder used as raw material is also pricey, due to the fact that it has to be pure and uniform. On top of that, whenever loose metal powder is involved, safety becomes a risk. Powder-based metal 3D printing systems therefore require proper material handling protocols and expert operators, which also comes at a cost. All in all, this has resulted in these technologies being mostly limited to industrial users with substantial resources at their disposal.Fortunately, there are more accessible metal 3D printing technologies available, including Bound Powder Extrusion (BPE). This technology, commercialized by Markforged via the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wevolver.com/specs/metalx-3d-printer" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Metal X 3D printer</a>, is breaking down barriers to the adoption of metal 3D printing, providing an affordable, user-friendly, and scalable process for creating functional metal components.&nbsp;<h2 dir="ltr">Metal X Benefits</h2>In a segment dominated by complex, costly technologies, Markforged&rsquo;s Metal X solution offers a welcome alternative. Let&rsquo;s take a closer look at the technology&rsquo;s main benefits:<ul><li dir="ltr">Cost</li></ul>One of the primary benefits is the technology&rsquo;s lower price point. Metal X hardware and materials are substantially cheaper (as much as 10x) than other metal additive processes and consumables, as well as more cost effective than traditional metal manufacturing processes, such as machining or casting.&nbsp;<ul><li dir="ltr">High quality</li></ul>On top of affordability, the Metal X system produces high quality metal components. With very few design constraints and the ability to print open cell infill, the machine can print functional end-use components with highly complex geometries, like organic structures and internal channels. On top of that, the machine can print at layer heights down to 50 microns and can achieve up to 99.7% density post sintering.&nbsp;Production SpeedThe entire Metal X workflow&mdash;from print preparation, to sintering&mdash;is designed to accelerate production times for metal components. The purpose-built solution can deliver high-quality end-use parts in <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_qUVSMoRnHo" target="_blank">as little as 28 hours</a>, enabling manufacturers to dramatically cut their lead times as well as improve their production agility. If a part needs a quick redesign or if a replacement component is needed on the fly, it takes days rather than months to bring it to life.<ul><li dir="ltr">User-friendly</li></ul>The Metal X process is safe and simple to use. The process relies on bound metal filaments, which can be safely handled without the need for a dedicated powder management system. The three-step production chain is also intuitive, not requiring an expert technician to operate or supervise it. This means that Metal X can be installed on a factory floor or in an office.<ul><li dir="ltr">Scalable</li></ul>Users can easily scale their production capacity using the Metal X system by adding more printer units. On top of that, a single machine can turn out functional components in as little as 28 hours, enabling manufacturers to accelerate lead times and boost throughput. At the same time, the system gives manufacturers a cost-effective way to produce one-off or small batch components&mdash;ideal for prototyping, tooling, or custom parts.<iframe width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/_qUVSMoRnHo?&wmode=opaque&rel=0&enablejsapi=1&origin=https://www.wevolver.com" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-gtm-yt-inspected-7="true" id="450809510" title="3D Print Metal Parts - Overnight!"></iframe> <h2 dir="ltr">From Rapid Prototypes to End-Use Parts</h2>Since Markforged launched the Metal X solution, the technology has been successfully adopted by users across various industries to fulfill a range of industrial production applications, from tooling, to end-use components.&nbsp;Among these users is <a href="https://markforged.com/resources/case-studies/rpg-industries" target="_blank">RPG Industries</a>, an Ohio-based manufacturer serving clients in the automotive, aerospace, construction, and oil industries. The company, which is continuously looking to optimize its manufacturing capabilities to meet customer requirements, found that Metal X would be a perfect fit for its workfloor, providing the benefits of metal 3D printing (namely production agility and design freedom) while also being safer and cheaper than powder-based technologies.RPG Industries successfully used Metal X to print a replacement carburetor cap for its client D&amp;D Classic Automotive Restoration. When the original component&mdash;part of a classic car from the 1930s&mdash;was found to be defective and a replacement could not be found, the only viable option was to print it. RPG Industries was enlisted to 3D scan the broken carburetor cap, reverse engineer it, and 3D print it using Metal X. The part was ultimately printed using 17.4 PH Stainless Steel and was installed under the hood to bring the vintage car back to a working state.<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNjg1NTMzNTA0ODYzLWEzZmQxZDY1LWJjYTItNDgwYy1iNDkxLWJkNjUyZDVjZmE4Nl9sYXJnZS5qcGciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjk1MCwiZml0IjoiY292ZXIifX19" class="fr-fic fr-dii">Functional part printed with the Metal X. Image credit: RPG Industries, Inc. <a href="https://markforged.com/resources/case-studies/sqp-engineering" target="_blank">SQP Engineering</a>, a family-owned industrial manufacturing provider based out of Perth, Australia, has also upgraded its capabilities with Metal X. There, the technology is being used to fulfill requests for specialized parts that are impossible or too expensive to machine. With Metal X (as well as Markforged&rsquo;s FX20) in its arsenal, SQP can produce a wider variety of production parts, all while offering clients faster turnaround times and competitive costs.Of course, that&rsquo;s just the tip of the iceberg, many other manufacturers have adopted or are utilizing the Metal X Solution, including Fortune 500 company Dana Incorporated, which has dramatically accelerated its rapid prototyping with Markforged solutions, as well as Caldwell Manufacturing, Guhring UK, BMF GmbH, Sandia National Labs, and many more.How the Metal X Process WorksThe <a href="https://markforged.com/3d-printers/metal-x" target="_blank">Metal X&nbsp;</a>system is a cost-effective solution for producing functional metal components for a range of industries and applications, such as tooling and production parts. The solution itself comprises a few steps, starting with Markforged&rsquo;s end-to-end Eiger cloud software and finishing with an intuitive two-step post-process. Let&rsquo;s take a look at each step in the Metal X production flow:<h3 dir="ltr">Eiger Slicing</h3>When usingMetal X, users begin by uploading their 3D model to Eiger. The software program preps the model for printing, allowing users to choose a print orientation, as well as automatically scaling the part to account for shrinkage that occurs in the sintering stage, and generating supports and rafts. The 3D model is then sliced and sent to the printer. (Eiger software also functions as an end-to-end print management solution, allowing users to track the progress of the workflow.)<iframe id="6463983563b3600008b89d9e" width="250" class="specs-iframe" height="420" src="https://wevolver.com/iframe/specs/metalx-3d-printer?iframe=true" frameborder="0" scrolling="true" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-gtm-yt-inspected-7="true"></iframe> <h3 dir="ltr">Metal X Printing</h3>Markforged&rsquo;s Metal X technology is similar to polymer-based Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) in that it uses filament as raw material and a heated nozzle to extrude the melted material onto a build platform, building components up layer by layer. Unlike polymer FFF, however, the BPE process uses bound metal filament, consisting of metal powder contained in a plastic matrix.&nbsp;The 3D printer is equipped with a heated chamber and bed, which ensures that the bound metal filament prints at an optimal temperature, and features automated bed leveling for ease of use. The system is also fitted with a second extruder, which deposits a ceramic release material between the metal component and rafts/supports, in order to facilitate their removal.&nbsp;In terms of materials, Metal X can process a variety of bound metal filaments, including&nbsp;17-4PH Stainless Steel, Copper, H13 Tool Steel, Inconel 625, and A2 and D2 Tool Steels.<h3 dir="ltr">Post-processing</h3>When the print is finished, the green part is removed from the print bed and placed in the Wash-1, a heated debinding machine that uses a cleaning fluid to dissolve much of the polymer binder in the component. From there, the parts are air dried and ready for sintering.Markforged&rsquo;s sintering solution, the Sinter-2, transforms brown parts into dense metal components. This is achieved by heating the part inside an enclosed chamber filled with inert and mixed gas. This process removes any remaining binder in the part and fuses the metal particles together to create a strong, functional metal structure. Like the Metal X 3D printer, the Wash-1 and Sinter-2 are both safe and intuitive to use.&nbsp;Additional post-processing steps, like heat treatment, machining, and polishing can also be employed if needed to further refine dimensional accuracy or improve material properties.<h2 dir="ltr">Breaking barriers in metal AM</h2>Overall, Metal X enables a broader base of users to reap the benefits of metal 3D printing, giving them the ability to create complex parts in a safe, cost-effective, and scalable way. You can learn more about <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/specs/metalx-3d-printer" target="_blank">Metal X and its specifications here</a> or get in touch with the Markforged team to <a href="https://markforged.com/get-a-demo" target="_blank">request a demo</a> and see the machine&rsquo;s capabilities first hand.<h2 dir="ltr">References</h2>[1] Metal X System [Internet]. Markforged, 2023. Available from: <a href="https://markforged.com/3d-printers/metal-x" target="_blank">https://markforged.com/3d-printers/metal-x</a>&nbsp;[2] The Markforged Metal Additive Manufacturing Process [internet]. Markforged, 2023. Available from: <a href="https://markforged.com/resources/learn/design-for-additive-manufacturing-metals/metal-additive-manufacturing-introduction/metal-additive-manufacturing-process" target="_blank">https://markforged.com/resources/learn/design-for-additive-manufacturing-metals/metal-additive-manufacturing-introduction/metal-additive-manufacturing-process</a>&nbsp;[3] RPG Industries, Inc. Customer Success Story [Internet]. Markforged, 2023. Available from: <a href="https://markforged.com/resources/case-studies/rpg-industries" target="_blank">https://markforged.com/resources/case-studies/rpg-industries</a>&nbsp;[4] SQP Engineering Customer Success Story [Internet]. Markforged, 2023. Available from:&nbsp;<a href="https://markforged.com/resources/case-studies/sqp-engineering" style="background-color: transparent;" target="_blank">https://markforged.com/resources/case-studies/sqp-engineering</a>&nbsp;[5] Dana Incorporated Customer Success Story [Internet]. Markforged, 2023. Available from:&nbsp;<a href="https://markforged.com/resources/case-studies/dana-incorporated" style="background-color: transparent;" target="_blank">https://markforged.com/resources/case-studies/dana-incorporated</a>&nbsp;