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A single point of failure is any part whose failure stops the whole system. Learn how engineers find SPOFs with FMEA and fault trees, quantify them with reliability math, and remove them with N+1, 2N, failover, quorum, and voting designs, and why common cause failures can still defeat redundancy.

Single Point of Failure: How to Find and Eliminate SPOFs

Several EPFL labs are converging around an idea that began as a doctoral researcher's hunch: the spinal cord revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging might unlock new therapies.

Using brain imaging to study the spinal cord

A practical engineering guide to spine-leaf data center fabrics: how every leaf connects to every spine, why the design replaced the three-tier network, how to size oversubscription and port counts, and which routing, cabling, and optics choices follow from it.

Spine and Leaf Architecture: Design, Sizing, and Cabling

NFPA 79 governs the electrical equipment inside industrial machines, picking up where the National Electrical Code stops. This guide covers its scope, how it splits responsibility with the NEC and UL 508A, what the 2024 edition requires, and the 2027 revision in progress.

NFPA 79: The Electrical Standard for Industrial Machinery

This guide covers what it applies to, how it differs from UL 508, how Supplement SB establishes the short-circuit current rating for a panel, and what it actually takes to label a panel under the UL 508A panel shop program.

UL 508A: The Standard for Industrial Control Panels

Nylon parts are used widely, but when standard nylon is not tough enough, glass filled nylon is a good candidate. This polyamide engineering plastic offers higher strength, stiffness and heat resistance by adding powdered glass to nylon resin or compounding nylon with glass fibres.

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Glass-Filled Nylon

We've all heard of nylon, and most of us touch it daily. First synthesised in 1935 by chemist Wallace Carothers of DuPont, this well-known polymer was first used to replace silk in women's stockings.

Types of Nylon: How They Stack Up