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<p>In our years in business, we&#39;ve built up a good understanding of industry practices and potential areas of impact, and it&#39;s clear that everyone has been affected, from giant corporations to SMEs. For all our valued customers and suppliers, we hope that sharing our experiences and insights will help us work together to make the best possible recovery.</p><hr><p><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1589479807225-How_Is_COVID_19_Impacting_Manufacturing_.png" style="width: 788px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></p><hr><h2><strong>Supply Chain Disruption</strong></h2><p>World Bank data shows that manufacturing in 2018 accounted for some <a href="http://wdi.worldbank.org/table/4.2" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Manufacturing in 2018">16% of global GDP</a>. Additional <a href="https://www.statista.com/chart/20858/top-10-countries-by-share-of-global-manufacturing-output/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Manufacturing Data from The United Nations">data from the United Nations</a> shows that well over a quarter of all manufacturing took place in China. Much of this is reliant on the supply of raw materials like plastics and textiles, plus core components for electrical and electronic applications. After the pandemic, these supplies have been disrupted, leading to shortages and a rise in prices. By January 2020, there was already <a href="https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5013542/impact-of-covid-19-on-the-global-manufacturing" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="2-3% Increase in Costs From China">an increase of 2-3%</a> in prices from Chinese vendors as core materials became more scarce.</p><h2><strong>Global Economy</strong></h2><p>As stocks became exhausted and were not replenished, more and more factories were closed, staff laid off and orders cancelled. Consumer demand for many manufactured products has dropped substantially, and some businesses have already repurposed their operations to provide necessary medical supplies and Personal Protection Equipment (PPE).</p><h2><strong>Factory Closures</strong></h2><p>Most of China&#39;s production facilities were shut down for at least a month, and this had a knock-on effect throughout the world. Major impacted industries include aviation, automobiles, energy, pharmaceuticals, medical sectors, food and beverages and consumer electronics like TVs and smartphones. In automobile manufacturing, for example, recent figures suggest that production losses in Europe are approaching 2.5 million units.</p><h2><strong>Small Businesses</strong></h2><p>With far fewer resources to fall back on, small businesses are often the first to feel the impact. Disruption to the supply chain may mean they can&#39;t complete existing orders, and future orders may be cancelled. Cash flow will be much harder to manage, with unforeseen expenses such as PPE and video conferencing software. With some employees sick, pressure mounts on others to cover shortfalls, and there may be issues under employment law with excessive hours worked.</p><h2><strong>South West Manufacturing Advisory Service</strong></h2><p>This organisation has focused its <a href="https://www.swmas.co.uk/knowledge/national-2019-q4" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="2020 Q1 South West manufacturing Advisory Service Survey">first 2020 quarterly survey</a> on the impacts already suffered by British SME manufacturing. So far, almost 85% of companies surveyed expect a drop in sales, together with a drastic fall in production volumes. 55% predict lay-offs despite the introduction of furlough schemes. Most companies require urgent financial support, though almost 75% don&#39;t think the government initiatives are adequate, or are confused about what support they can get and how. Over 50% of respondents have been impacted by foreign trade restrictions, and 80% have suffered reduced volume of orders or are struggling to find source materials.</p><h2><strong>Government Aid</strong></h2><p>Several support schemes have been <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/guidance-to-employers-and-businesses-about-covid-19" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="UK Government Support Schemes For Businesses">instituted by the UK government</a>, although many small business owners have <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/apr/15/covid-19-bailout-loans-issued-uk-firms-banks" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Small Business Owners Express Concern Over Support Schemes">already expressed concern</a> that the process takes too long for relief to be of use. Businesses of all sizes can take advantage of the Coronavirus Business Interruption Loan Scheme, Employee Retention Scheme, grant funding and more. <a href="https://www.fsb.org.uk/campaign/covid19.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Other Financial Support For Businesses">Other financial support</a> includes Statutory Sick Pay, deferrals of loan payments and tax liabilities, and the new Bounce Back Loan scheme.</p><h2><strong>Changes In Working Practice</strong></h2><p>Perhaps the biggest effect of the pandemic is how we&#39;ve changed our modes of operation. Instead of the daily commute to a centralised location, networks of employees are now working remotely from home. Many more services are being digitised, and new products are launching which obviate the need for people to be physically present. A survey by the UK&#39;s <a href="https://www.iod.com/news-campaigns/news/articles/Lockdown-leading-to-lasting-business-change-new-figures-suggest" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Institute of Directors Lockdown Findings">Institute of Directors</a> suggests that many of these changes will be retained even after lockdowns are eased.</p><h2><strong>Cybersecurity</strong></h2><p>Technological challenges will strain workers&#39; digital skills, and many companies must train staff to handle new working techniques. Increased reliance on automation and digital working relationships also invite more threats to cybersecurity. With more people working remotely, a company&#39;s whole system is at risk, as individual cybersecurity is rarely as stringent as corporate systems. <a href="https://www.healthcareinfosecurity.com/hijacked-routers-steering-users-to-malicious-covid-19-sites-a-14022" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Domestic Routers Used As Open Door To Businesses">It has already been reported</a> that cybercriminals are using domestic routers as an open door into business systems, using fake COVID-19 advice sites to hijack routers and access sensitive business data.</p><h2><strong>Uncertainty &amp; Opportunity</strong></h2><p>COVID-19 is impacting manufacturing in many different ways, both economically and socially, and until the crisis is over it&#39;s not possible to foresee what the eventual outcomes will be. The global economy has taken a huge hit and may take some time to recover, though governments are stepping in to help financially. Our most immediate problems relate to changes in working practice, and how to survive loss of pay and changes in working structure. Only a limited proportion of manufacturing work can be done remotely, so the health of personnel needs to be more diligently protected. Some companies, however, might view the crisis as a positive opportunity to move towards the <a href="https://www.rowse.co.uk/blog/post/the-rise-of-artificial-intelligence" target="_blank" title="The Rise of Artificial Intelligence">IIoT</a> and a more automated facility.</p><hr><p>This post was originally posted on <a href="https://www.rowse.co.uk/blog/post/how-is-covid-19-impacting-manufacturing" target="_blank">https://www.rowse.co.uk/blog/post/how-is-covid-19-impacting-manufacturing</a>.</p>

COVID-19 is the biggest crisis to have struck humanity since WW2. As the virus has wrought its devastation, we at Rowse have been considering how COVID-19 is impacting the manufacturing industry particularly.

How Is COVID-19 Impacting Manufacturing?

<p>This digital representation technology enhances the already strong links that tie the digital world to reality, and provides an even closer representation of how things work than 3D simulations. Digital-twinning is a holistic approach to the many and varied processes that go into modern industry, and demands a quantum shift in production culture.</p><h2>What Are Digital Twins?</h2><p>Digital twins are a complex conglomerate of technical data, combined to make a virtual technological representation of a physical process or product. They simulate a product&#39;s entire life cycle, predicting its behaviour, and optimising its design and production system. They incorporate AI and machine learning capabilities, data analytics and multi-physics simulations. They demonstrate the potential impact of environmental or usage conditions, design changes and many performance variables. Digital twins are a cost-effective means of understanding the performance characteristics of a real-world physical counterpart, before any investment is made in actual prototypes. This cuts down drastically on development time, and delivers a final process or product of optimal quality.</p><p>Obviously, it&#39;s necessary to use physical objects as the paradigm for digital twinning, in order to ensure that the technical modelling is accurate. This takes place over a product&#39;s entire lifetime or production cycle, using data gathered from sensors installed on such objects. This data will reflect real-time performance of the modelled object or process, including its operating conditions and any alterations in performance that occur over time. The digital twin continuously updates the model during its life cycle, constantly evolving to create a virtual feedback loop.</p><h2>Digital Twins Use Cases</h2><p>Digital twins generally fall into three categories of asset modelling. These are combined and integrated into a digital thread which permeates the entire fabric of the asset&#39;s life cycle.</p><p>Product digital twins consist of a virtual link to a model product that demonstrates how it performs in various operating conditions, obviating the necessity for multiple physical prototypes. Product digital twins also improve the manufactured product&#39;s final quality, and provide a much faster and more effective response to feedback.</p><p>Production digital twins simulate production processes, analysing and validating what is happening and why, so as to create a more streamlined production methodology that can be optimised for different conditions. Sensory data can be used for predictive maintenance, making manufacturing operations faster, more reliable, and ultimately more efficient.</p><p>Performance digital twins capture huge amounts of operational data in a product&#39;s performance, analysing it with big data analytics and acting on the information to enable more informed decision-making.</p><h2>Digital Twins Vs Simulations</h2><p>Advanced 3D simulations are definitely an integral part of the new technology, but digital twinning goes far beyond that. Digital twins are a comprehensive concept incorporating multiple other technologies, including AI, the IoT, big data, edge computing and much more. All these combine together to construct a digital equivalent of a physical asset or entity, as an accessible 3D visual simulation. This allows human operators to monitor, analyse and respond to real time situations.</p><p>Simulations in the past helped designers to understand what could possibly happen to a product&#39;s performance in the real world, without being able to affect it. Digital twins examine the entire product life cycle, helping designers to understand not only what might happen to it in performance, but what is happening to it live.</p><h2>Digital Twins In The Rail Industry</h2><p>Digital twins incorporate the actual running of an existing rail network, enabling engineers to examine every step of the process as well as the equipment itself. With these networks still needing a lot of overhaul, the process must be cumulative, with a vast amount of different data needing to be coherently amalgamated.</p><p>Some operators want to use digital twins to provide full visibility of information throughout the design cycle, so that end users may have early design inputs to infrastructure, assets and projects. Digital twinning combined with augmented reality software would supply real-time asset simulations with live data. This thread could also incorporate predictive models of various system interventions, taking social outcomes into account to improve decision making. Digital twins allow real time changes to be recorded across networks, demonstrating the impact of human and environmental changes. They could be used to map out potential escape routes and human traffic behaviours in the event of a disaster.</p><h2>Digital Twins In The Military</h2><p>Military platforms in all domains function on multiple advanced technologies, such as communications and IT networks, command and control systems, surveillance, weapons systems, and much more. Design engineers must also integrate multiple different systems built by different manufacturers for many different purposes, with equipment becoming ever more complex and technologically advanced. Performance testing in varying conditions can be carried out using digital twins. This will help predict the platform&#39;s interoperability and integration issues, as well as scheduling maintenance and any necessary retrofitting.</p><p>Leaders want expensive fleets to last longer, but also to stay up-to-date with the changing demands of a service life that may extend for 50 years. Upgrades and retro-fitting are inevitable, and digital twins offer the opportunity to test and optimise designs before any expensive installation takes place. The functioning of complex systems and high grade materials can also be realistically simulated, to explore their performance range and the impact of changing roles. In extreme circumstances, digital twins could provide experts at base operations the means to help resolve problems down range.</p><p>The US military is already exploring digital twins with the IoT to see how all aspects of military ops can be connected, covering the whole cycle &ndash; from initiation, through maintenance, to eventual retirement. This holistic approach includes not only the fabric and systems of equipment, but troop movements, soldiers&#39; uniforms, and their health status. Constant data input from surveillance and other assets provides real-time insights into potential threats, including movements of enemy troops and vessels, so that more informed decisions can be made.</p><h2>Digital Twin Tech And The Future</h2><p>Many branches of industry are now looking into digital twins as the future of testing, control and managing complex systems, where all problems can be resolved before any substantial time or money is invested in physical production. Adopting digital twin technology involves much closer communication between designers, engineers, managers and end-users, but the increased investment in planning is far less costly in time and money than physically modifying an existing product.</p><p>This post was originally posted at <a href="https://www.rowse.co.uk/blog/post/an-introduction-to-digital-twins" target="_blank">https://www.rowse.co.uk/blog/post/an-introduction-to-digital-twins</a>.</p>

Digital Twins are the latest crystallisation of the technology advances loosely connected under the umbrella of Industry 4.0 and the IoT.

An Introduction To Digital Twins

<p>Whenever the word blockchain comes up, most people think of financial technology and cryptocurrencies. That&#39;s only the tip of this revolutionary iceberg, which is capable of much more than just bitcoin transactions. One of its potential ground-breaking functions is to use blockchain in procurement, which could significantly improve a company&#39;s strategic planning and operational performance.</p><h2>What Is Blockchain?</h2><p>Firstly, yes, it&#39;s a chain of blocks. In this instance, a block is a block of data. This data is a time-stamped ledger entry containing immutable records, but it&#39;s decentralised. That means that the information is held on a cluster of computers and distributed amongst them. This is the chain. Every time something happens to a product or a transaction takes place, a new block is added to the chain. The information is secured cryptographically, and each participant has access to it, but there is no single central controller. It is a heavily encrypted, distributed ledger.</p><p><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1587632440309-blockchain-graphic.png" class="fr-fic fr-dib" style="width: 788px;"></p><h1>Blockchain In Procurement</h1><p>As far as procurement is concerned, blockchain is a secure method for tracking a product or transaction from source to acquisition and payment. A new block of data is built for each transaction down the supply chain, or during the process of turning a component product into finished goods. Since the information is encrypted, the procedures are immune to tampering. Also, as there is no third party controlling the process, blockchain enables B2B or business-to-business transactions, which simplifies the whole supply chain.</p><p>Many innovations in procurement processes and supply chain management could be instituted using blockchain technology. Some of the applications and potential benefits of the distributed ledger system may include the following.</p><h2>SMART CONTRACTS</h2><p>Blockchain in procurement could benefit substantially from using smart contracts. These tamper-proof agreements can be concluded between two or more parties, and can execute themselves automatically when pre-set terms and conditions are met. Smart contracts are capable of self-verification, checking the performance of their own conditions and ensuring the terms of the given contracts are carried out. They can also automatically release payment to the relevant party or parties when the contract is completed.</p><p>Smart contracts can cover an end-to-end transaction between multiple parties throughout the whole supply chain. The value and terms of the entire transaction are fully integrated and visible to all parties, with each stage of the process being recorded on the ledger when its conditions are executed.</p><h2>SUPPLY CHAIN TRANSPARENCY AND TRACKING</h2><p>Blockchain technology can enable purchasers to ensure the authenticity of goods at source, and to track their passage throughout the supply chain process. Suppliers will have to establish verifiable audit trails of all goods, which can also be tracked from source to delivery. The transparency of distributed ledger technology means that such critical credentials as authorisations, certificates and qualifications of status cannot be forged or otherwise compromised.</p><h2>EMBEDDING TRUST</h2><p>This transparency also helps to build trust and develop good business relationships. Due diligence is necessary for the mitigation of risk between unknown parties, but some companies are reluctant to put in the necessary time and effort for it. Blockchain technology offers open access to the ledger for all participating parties, making due diligence a much faster and simpler process. The quality of goods and services supplied can be visibly rated, together with the performance of the supplier.</p><h2>STREAMLINING PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS</h2><p>Blockchain could be extremely useful in enhancing purchase order management, with the transactions fully visible to both sides rather than as files of paperwork for each participant. Placing, validating and approving orders is still a manual process in many companies, as well as invoice and payment processing and multi-way matching. The whole request-to-receipt procedure could be radically streamlined, from a multi-step operation documenting every individual piece of information, to a streamlined blockchain ledger.</p><h2>SECURITY AND SETTLEMENT</h2><p>Using blockchain smart contracts and purchase orders, transaction conditions could be set that would automatically trigger the agreed settlement monies when the process is complete. All confidential information and payments are secured by the encrypted technology on the distributed ledger, which is cheaper and more secure than cloud storage.</p><p>Blockchain has a great many benefits and opportunities for procurement professionals. From audits and payments to tracking assets and inventory, blockchain technology in procurement could significantly enhance transparency and trust. It may be integrated into current procure-to-pay processes, to provide security and a greater degree of efficiency. Blockchain in procurement has the potential to improve both business relationships and operational performance, and make procurement processes far more robust.</p>

Whenever the word blockchain comes up, most people think of financial technology and cryptocurrencies. That's only the tip of this revolutionary iceberg, which is capable of much more than just bitcoin transactions.

Blockchain In Procurement

<div data-element_type="widget" data-id="ece92e" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"><p>While starting your project, you are starting to think about the manufacturing technique you will use. How to choose the most adapted manufacturing technique? Today, we are going to see the differences between injection molding and 3D printing, in order for you to decide which one of these techniques might be the best to give life to your project.</p><p>Time, budget, precision, volumes, we will see all the <strong>pros and cons of injection molding and additive manufacturing</strong>. Follow the guide and find out the strengths and weaknesses of both these processes! Injection molding vs 3D printing: Which one should you choose?</p></div><div data-element_type="widget" data-id="58070498" data-widget_type="menu-anchor.default"><br></div><div data-element_type="widget" data-id="72893c8b" data-widget_type="heading.default"><h2>Choosing the right manufacturing technique</h2></div><div data-element_type="widget" data-id="a647257" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"><p>3D printing and injection molding are<strong>&nbsp;two great manufacturing processes</strong>, but they are really different and can help you achieve different projects. This totally depends on your needs. Even if injection molding always seems more professional, some things now start to change and 3D printing is becoming a real alternative, allowing to create really accurate parts. &nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>These two techniques can help you with both <strong>your rapid prototyping process</strong> and <strong>your production</strong>. They both have their own advantages, which one will bring more benefits to your manufacturing process, that is why, first, you will have to understand their differences.</p></div><div data-element_type="widget" data-id="426e1764" data-widget_type="menu-anchor.default"><br></div><div data-element_type="widget" data-id="437f7296" data-widget_type="heading.default"><h2>What is the difference between injection molding and 3D printing?</h2></div><div data-element_type="widget" data-id="5eeef67" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"><h3>Injection molding</h3><p>Injection molding is a traditional manufacturing technique. With this process, you produce parts by injecting material into a mold cavity in order to create your part. This manufacturing technique is shaping your products by injecting molten material into the mold, the material will then cool down and take its final solid shape.&nbsp;</p><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dii" style="width: 640px;"><div class="u_fNK" data-grammarly-part="highlights" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px;"><div style="box-sizing: content-box; top: 360px; left: 0px; width: 640px; height: 59px; position: relative; pointer-events: none; overflow: hidden; border: 0px; border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px;"><div style="height: 739px; width: 1920px;"><div><br></div><div><br></div></div></div></div></div><div class="u_fNK" data-grammarly-part="button" style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px;"><div style="box-sizing: content-box; top: 360px; left: 0px; width: 640px; height: 59px; position: relative; pointer-events: none; overflow: hidden; border: 0px; border-radius: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-100%, -100%); top: 49px; left: 635px; width: auto; height: auto; pointer-events: all;"><div style="flex-direction: row; display: none; pointer-events: auto;"><div style="position: relative;"><br></div><div><div class="_5WizN _1QzSN Vxw1H"><div class="_3YmQx"><div class="_3QdKe" title="Protected by Grammarly">&nbsp;</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img alt="plastic injection molding" data-src="https://cdn2.sculpteo.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/plastic_injection_molding_p.5b56005c4d08c-min.jpg" src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1587137941288-plastic_injection_molding_p.5b56005c4d08c-min.jpg" height="360"><span class="fr-inner" spellcheck="false">https://www.ien.com/product-development/article/21014543/what-products-can-be-made-from-injection-molding</span></span></span><p>3D printing</p><p>3D printing is an additive manufacturing process, meaning that the whole manufacturing is made by <strong>adding material layer by layer</strong>. Using this process, there is no need to create a mold to produce your part, you will only need a 3D file. A lot of different 3D printing technologies and materials are currently available on the market.</p></div><div data-element_type="widget" data-id="e689ffd" data-widget_type="menu-anchor.default"><br></div><div data-element_type="widget" data-id="61caf8c0" data-widget_type="heading.default"><h2>When should you use each process?</h2></div><div data-element_type="widget" data-id="d761e9f" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"><h3>How to use injection molding?</h3><p>You can&rsquo;t just use this technology like this, without any special equipment. Indeed, specific professional machines are needed to use injection molding. These injection molding machines contain a material hopper, an injection ram, and a heating unit.</p><p>Making molds for your injection molding process is a bit expensive, and reduce the possibilities when it comes to prototyping: If you need to make several iterations, it can be quite expensive to recreate molds each time. As these molds are usually made of steel, it is a bit complicated to make changes and could not be adapted to your prototype development.&nbsp;</p><p>However, if you are planning to produce large volumes, it is a good solution. Just keep in mind that this technique still includes high costs for injection molding tooling and large required turnaround time.</p><h3>How to use 3D printing?</h3><p>There are several ways to use additive manufacturing. You can get yourself a 3D printer, like an <a href="https://www.sculpteo.com/en/glossary/fdm-fused-deposition-modeling-definition/" target="_blank">FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling)</a> printer, if 3D printing filament is what you need. Your company can also invest in bigger and professional 3D printers, such as <a href="https://www.sculpteo.com/en/materials/sls-material/" target="_blank">SLS (Selective Laser Sintering)</a> 3D printers. But getting your own industrial 3D printer might be an expensive investment for your company, and it is maybe not worth it.</p><p><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width: 300px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1587138132009-HP-Nylon-43-min.jpg"><span class="fr-inner">HP Nylon 43</span></span></span></p><p>Or you could use a 3D printing service such as Sculpteo, giving you access to 75+ combinations of 3D printing materials and finishings. From metal to plastic and resin, 3D printing technologies will help you create all your best projects. Multi Jet Fusion, CLIP (DLS), DMLS, 3D printing technologies are numerous!</p><p>You just have to <a href="https://www.sculpteo.com/en/upload/" target="_blank">upload your 3D design</a>, choose your technology, materials and finishing on Sculpteo&#39;s <a href="https://www.sculpteo.com/en/" target="_blank">online 3D printing service</a>. You will have an instant quote and receive your parts in only a few days.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-element_type="widget" data-id="c10a267" data-widget_type="menu-anchor.default"><br></div><div data-element_type="widget" data-id="0a0b718" data-widget_type="heading.default"><h2>What about you? Which one should you choose?</h2></div><div data-element_type="widget" data-id="c19f904" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"><h3>Benefits of injection molding</h3><p>Injection molding is offering great advantage to produce your large volumes, with a great precision and perfect repeatability. While using plastic injection molding, you will have the choice among a wide range of materials. There are actually thousands of variations within each material, which will lead to different properties each time. Material weight, cost, flexibility, just for plastic properties and possibilities seem to be endless.&nbsp;</p><p>We already said it, injection molding is good for mass production, but also to create really detailed features. Due to the pressure of the process, it is really easy to add details to your parts created with injection molding.</p><p>Injection molding makes it quite easy to create parts with enhanced strength. Indeed, plastic injection makes it possible to use fillers in the injection molds.&nbsp;</p><h3>Benefits of 3D printing</h3><p>Using additive manufacturing is offering many advantages, making it a real alternative to traditional manufacturing techniques.&nbsp;</p><p>First, 3D printing is perfect to make iteration. For a long time, additive manufacturing was considered a<a href="https://www.sculpteo.com/blog/2018/12/19/top-10-of-the-best-3d-printing-prototypes/" target="_blank">&nbsp;rapid prototyping technique</a>. It is not the case anymore, as it also became quite a reliable manufacturing technique. But prototyping quickly and easily is still among the best advantages offered by this manufacturing technique. While using additive manufacturing, you can print your project in order to test it, make all your modifications using your <a href="https://www.sculpteo.com/blog/2018/10/17/top-25-of-the-best-free-cad-software/" target="_blank">3D modeling software</a>, and print it once again to validate your changes. The flexibility of this process will help you save time and money, but also help you improve your product design.</p><p>Using 3D printing is also helping to avoid material waste. If injection molding was first seen as a manufacturing technique producing low scrapes, compared to processes like CNC machining, it appears that the winner in this category is the 3D printing technology! While 3D printing, you only use the amount of material you need for your whole project. &nbsp;</p><p>With 3D printing, you can also avoid inventory problems and costs by <a href="https://www.sculpteo.com/blog/2018/11/30/storage-and-supply-chain-management-how-can-3d-printing-help-your-company/" target="_blank">improving your storage and supply chain management</a>. Indeed, you can 3D print your 3D design whenever you need it! You don&rsquo;t have to think about your storage!&nbsp;</p><p>No more busy warehouse, the use of 3D printing for production can lead to a dematerialization of the supply chain. It could be the occasion to rethink the whole manufacturing process of your company and reduce tooling investment. What does digital inventory mean? This solution is simply to create your parts on-demand thanks to 3D printing. No need to store the part, you can simply print them when you need them.</p><p><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width: 300px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1587138151333-Binder-Jetting-02-min.jpg"><span class="fr-inner">Binder Jetting</span></span></span></p><p>We hope this blogpost helped you understand the advantages and disadvantages of these two manufacturing methods. 3D printing vs injection molding, which one will you choose? Share your point of view on these two techniques in the comments.&nbsp;</p></div>

What are the differences between injection molding and 3D printing? Discover which manufacturing technique is best for your project.

Injection molding vs 3D printing: Which one should you choose?

<p>It was the mid-90s and the construction market was booming. This was a game changer for the surveying industry. &nbsp;Two companies in different countries would partner to rapidly develop a new hybrid product combining the best of traditional optics technology and the powerful benefits of the rapidly expanding survey grade GPS market.&nbsp;</p><p>This was product development at its finest. &nbsp;We were developing the most compact survey grade GPS unit to date with a small team at Trimble Navigation&rsquo;s Mapping and Survey Division. &nbsp;Other competitors were trying to do the same thing and their projects weren&rsquo;t far behind ours. &nbsp;We had to be the first to market with a reliable unit, but before that there would be several challenges and a great learning opportunity for myself as a young engineer.&nbsp;</p><p>The first challenge was entering a heavily integrated design effort between two international businesses. To put it into perspective, cultural awareness classes for key executives were still a relatively new and limited idea. &nbsp;My course lasted a total of 10 minutes. &nbsp;I think my manager worried I would cause grave insult and kill a multi-million dollar contract during the introductions stage with our large Asian corporate partner. &nbsp;I listened closely to the etiquette lesson around exchanging business cards and then practiced my card exchange dexterity.</p><p><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width: 788px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1586969454261-1.jpg"><span class="fr-inner"></span></span></span></p><figcaption>Internal components shown. Not much room for shrinking.</figcaption><p><br></p><p>Our first preliminary design review would be here in the US, with a translator from the sales department. &nbsp;Filled with plenty of concern regarding the social interaction side of a technical meeting, I focused on the technical side. &nbsp;Once I began the technical presentation I quickly found that visuals, mock-ups, CAD models and the physical challenges of the design were universal languages themselves.&nbsp;</p><p>This emphasis on visual communication combined with talking slowly and minimally as I had been advised, resulted in myself and our four foreign visitors not really needing a translator. &nbsp;It was an enlightening experience. While the business portion of the meeting had seemingly required rigorous translation; the creative efforts side, and any project development challenges, were understood regardless of the continent of origin.</p><p><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width: 788px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1586969056156-2.jpg"><span class="fr-inner">More modern Trimble GPS products</span></span></span></p><p>The second challenge was that someone had pre-dictated the size, mounting type, interconnections and the look of the never before developed GPS receiver. Some of these choices were well designed, but big gaps from rendering to reality existed for sealing, implementation of the design, and the ever present challenge of &ldquo;Everything won&rsquo;t fit inside&rdquo;.&nbsp;</p><p>It was up to me to figure how it would all come together if the young electrical engineering I was working with could actually get everything onto the tiny processor boards. &nbsp;To properly put it into perspective, most survey grade GPS receivers of the time would not fit into one hand let alone two, and you were not going to be able to wander outside and quickly use your smart phone as a survey grade GPS receiver for about another 10 years. &nbsp;The unit we were creating had to have full survey level multi-channel GPS signal processing and had to be smaller than a cigarette pack&rsquo;s volume. So the challenges kept coming. The product would have to leverage off of a couple unique technologies and custom designs to make it all fit. &nbsp;We would implement a new gasket material and a kind of new plastic housing coating to shield for EMI interference and cross talk, selectively. &nbsp;Cross talk was a big concern then in the GPS world as pogo pin interconnections were not available at that time. &nbsp;</p><p>This was before people had cell phones with replaceable batteries or before minivans had those cool connections in the doors to give the back seat riders all kinds of buttons to push. &nbsp;To solve this we developed custom pogo pin target contacts with our favorite cable vendor of the time, ensured they could be easily assembled to the custom plastic housings and we left a trough on the inside of the plastic wall where the custom contacts could be easily potted to seal them for the rugged GPS receiver. &nbsp;</p><p>This provided a low profile and low cost solution. &nbsp;The key lesson on all this was taking relatively new but proven technologies, and working with the vendors to get timely and cost effective units, instead of making the whole product bigger.</p><p>The product looked like the rendering, which usually does not happen. &nbsp;However; our size was still impacted by the sealed RF connector but we had generally met the envelope with our application of customized solutions. &nbsp;Hearing the good news the client partner company met with us again.</p><p>The third challenge came in the next meeting. They were happy with the refinements, but now they wanted to know, after all this, if it could be smaller, a lot smaller. &nbsp;We commented on the limitations we had overcome and the possibilities. &nbsp;Much of the schedule had already elapsed. &nbsp;The elephant in the receiver was the RF connector but the risk would be greater loss of the GPS signal through a smaller connector if size reduction was to be achieved.</p><p><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1586968514288-Harris-New.jpg" style="width: 788px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></p><p>After much discussion on all this in two languages, the lead of the other company shook his head, and looking down said, in English, &ldquo;There is no gain without great risk.&rdquo; &nbsp;This moment was kind of one of those time slows down moments. &nbsp;Unknown to me, and in part to Trimble Navigation, the foreign partner company had put tremendous pressure on their team to meet schedule, and they were behind on their side. &nbsp;The new reduced size change would not come with enough funding or time in the schedule added. &nbsp;I and the poor electrical engineer would be relegated to &ldquo;re-doing&rdquo; the design, just smaller, with a lot of the effort done on our own time.</p><p>There was a silence in the room with a visible burden on the other company&rsquo;s project lead. &nbsp;The pressure for a more compact product balanced with quality risk and schedule slip, and after his wise statement, the kind of thing you might see in an inspirational picture of a climber on Mount Everest, hung in a corporate hallway, I could no longer be quiet and I added to his, &ldquo;There is no gain without great risk,&rdquo; &ndash;&ldquo;Just like in life.&rdquo; &nbsp;Another moment of silence, but then a smile, a chuckle from the lead of the other company and for some reason they did not request the size reduction. All it took was a simple remark to sway a decision that could have cost us time and efficiency.</p><p>From there we built prototypes and we had sub-components in the pipe line to avoid availability lead time delays. &nbsp;I had a small inventory of key parts on hand. &nbsp;We released documentation sets, which in those days had to be printed out, hand stamped for authenticity, and mailed to the parties concerned. &nbsp;The prototypes were testing out well in the custom fixtures we designed and fabricated. &nbsp;The smallest survey grade GPS receiver drew many onlookers from within the company and caused a bit of stir among those who were allowed to know about it.</p><p>We had tooled plastic parts, which we had worked very hard on to ensure a timely delivery of. We were on time and had budget left over. But ultimately our partner overseas fell too far behind on their side with their part of the product development. The project was cancelled.</p><p>We packed up the units we had built and sent them off to the client. &nbsp;They would be stored away on the very slight chance the project ever came back to life.</p><p>In hindsight, it almost seemed to have gone too well for us but we would not be seeing the small GPS receiver we designed along the road side surveying the next new business complex. The GPS market would keep growing with or without us.</p><p>In the long run it had ended up being a fantastic set of challenges for a young team of engineers to learn from, all compressed into one project and pretty short schedule, with lessons that could be applied to many projects to come, for the next cutting edge product development.</p>

Stories From the Early Days at Trimble

3 Challenges of Cutting Edge Product Development

Four trends are setting the scene for 3D printing to become ever more versatile and deliver products that are closer to end-use, production level

Trends in 3D Printing

The fourth industrial revolution and the technologies that create it explained: The whole is bigger than its parts.

Industry 4.0 Deep Dive. Part 1: Introducing smart manufacturing

<p><strong>I&#39;ve covered different ways automobile manufacturers are benefiting from the advantages </strong><a href="https://www.3erp.com/services/3d-printing/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><strong>3D printing</strong></a><strong> brings to the forefront. As technology is gaining a more mainstream foothold within the automobile industry, many companies are taking note, but many are using it in different capacities and for various purposes. These needs can encompass anything, from tools to spare parts/supply chain management to end-use parts and even full cars.</strong></p><p>It&rsquo;s interesting to see how far the technology has come, how it&rsquo;s employed by the big names in the industry and where they see it going fort their future production chains. This article aims to provide insight into the many ways some of the biggest automobile manufacturers in the world use 3D printing in their workflow.</p><h1><strong>BMW</strong></h1><p><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1577987804482-bmw-prototype.jpg" style="width: 1114px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></p><p>As most 3D printing is used for smaller volume production runs, there is a lot of room for customization and adding complexity using the unique elements that 3D printing allows. BMW is no stranger to such forms of design and manufacturing, employing 3D printing in pre-development, vehicle validation, and testing, or in concept and show cars. They employ the technology for larger volumes, but smaller production runs allow them to personalize products precisely to their customer&rsquo;s needs.</p><p>The company has been prolific in their use of additive manufacturing, noting that they potentially see &ldquo;<em><strong>great future potential for serial production and new customer offers</strong></em>&rdquo; (according to BMW&rsquo;s experts in Germany). They&rsquo;ve been using the technology to enhance both plastic and metal components. They&rsquo;ve most famously been working with HP to produce products on their large scale manufacturing systems.</p><p>Like many other companies on this list, BMW has been using it as a means of producing parts that other technologies cannot create. A good example of this is the i8 Roadster&rsquo;s top cover. Making the mounting for this component would not have been possible using a traditional casting process. Aside from expanding the design possibilities, the 3D printed car part is more durable and it also weighs less than previous iterations.</p><p>Similarly, BMW unveiled the iFE.20 Formula E racer with a 3D printed cooling shaft manufactured from flax fibers. The part was shown off at the end of 2019. Compared to the usual carbon materials, flax has greater absorption and greater impact resistance, which can be advantageous on the street circuits with their bumps and crash barriers, on which Formula E takes place. This made it the first BMW racecar fielded by a work team with parts made out of renewable textile fibers, also making it environmentally friendly.</p><p><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width: 1108px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1577987841677-gloves-prototype.jpg"><span class="fr-inner">BMW&rsquo;s Gloves With Protected Thumb</span></span></span></p><p>The company uses 3D printing for tooling and safety as well. A good example of this is the specialized gloves they use to finish off the stoppers for drain holes. These stoppers have to be manually set with the engineer&rsquo;s fingers, which means a lot of strain on the thumbs. Luckily, they came up with the 3D printed solution that could be fitted onto the work gloves.</p><p>Even aside from their work on their own automobiles, the company&rsquo;s engineers have been lending a hand to outside projects. One example is the development of the bespoke 3D-printed seats for the British Paralympics Basketball team. Using 3D body scans and the latest in additive manufacturing, BMW&rsquo;s engineers constructed a whole fleet of wheelchairs allowing for players to display a more advanced level of athletic prowess.</p><h1><strong>Ford</strong></h1><p><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width: 1108px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1577987898671-Jigs-and-Fiextures.jpg"><span class="fr-inner">Ford&rsquo;s Jigs &amp; Fixtures</span></span></span></p><p>As far as commitment to 3D printing goes, Ford is running headfirst into embracing the technology. The company set up an additive manufacturing center and employed its operations extensively into their workflows. In terms of creating plastic and metal prints, they&rsquo;ve had a long-running partnership with various companies such as Ultimaker, Stratasys and GE Additive, who provide machines for all sorts of AM applications across the production chain.</p><p>They also use 3D printing to cut cost and time for tooling, as the company found that it was quicker to make their own parts on the facility as opposed to waiting for suppliers and other such things. They also apply these same principles to jigs and fixtures, which they develop in facilities all over the world.</p><p>They&rsquo;ve expanded their 3D printing operations over the course of the past few decades, manufacturing both metal and plastic components. As the company states: &ldquo;<em><strong>In the last few decades, Ford has printed well over 500,000 parts and saved billions of dollars and millions of hours of work. Where it would have taken 4-5 months and cost $500,000 to produce a prototype with traditional methods, a 3D printed part can be produced in a matter of days or hours at a cost of a few thousand dollars</strong></em><strong>&rdquo;.</strong></p><p>Similarly, Ford&rsquo;s various subsidiaries have been showing off their AM chops, most notably the design teams behind the Shelby GT500. This year, they 3D printed the most promising designs for the new GT500 in a matter of days, which sped up the improvement and testing stages immensely. This pace allows them to rapidly tweak the Shelby GT500 little by little, bringing in new physical designs at breakneck speeds. They also developed a new spoiler-wing hybrid design that the team is calling &lsquo;the swing&rsquo;. This new design is a prominent factor in the GT500&rsquo;s impressive aerodynamic capabilities.</p><p><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width: 1108px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1577987952613-engine-prototype.jpg"><span class="fr-inner">EcoBoost Engine</span></span></span></p><p>The company set another major 3D printing milestone back in February. Their Ford Performance division, dealing with high-performance components, 3D printed what they claim is the largest metal automotive part for a working vehicle in automotive history. The metal part was installed in the Hoonitruck, a 1977 Ford F-150 with a twin-turbo 3.5-litre V6 EcoBoost engine. The part itself is an aluminium manifold inlet, printed using GE Additive&rsquo;s Concept Laser X LINE 2000R.</p><h1><strong>Volvo</strong><strong><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1577987985331-volvo.jpg" style="width: 1114px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></strong></h1><p>While not the most prominent user of automotive 3D printing, Volvo has been making great strides on this front in recent years. Much like a lot of the other companies on this list, Volvo has been using 3D printing for tooling and supply chain management. The use of 3D printing has particularly been useful in restocking the company&rsquo;s machines with new prints for out of production parts. Volvo is mostly using 3D printed plastic parts and is looking towards the implementation of metal ones in the near future.</p><p>As of 2018, the company was using additive manufacturing primarily for prototyping and tooling. <strong>&ldquo;<em>As we only need to produce low volumes of parts for prototyping, it&rsquo;s a good way to see what works,&rdquo; says Fredrick Andersson, Development Engineer for Wheel Loaders Powertrain Installation at Volvo CE [construction equipment]. &ldquo;We have a lot of knowledge and we can make changes quickly and easily with 3D printing. And because of this, it means that the time to market for a new product is quicker, so it&rsquo;s of great benefit to our company</em>.&rdquo;</strong></p><p>The increased speed of prototyping has been massively helpful to the company, as various new tech they were testing proves. For example, Volvo engineers designed new water pump housings for the company&rsquo;s A25G and A30G vehicles. They ran simulations as a means of optimizing the design of internal flow passages in the housing, but needed to build a prototype to perform functional testing to validate the new design. The tooling cost for this project would have been approximately $9,090, with the part cost around $909. The lead time for producing the prototype would have been 20 weeks minimum. On the other hand, 3D printing the prototype cost $770 and took only two weeks.</p><p>However, in 2019 the company upped the ante in terms of its AM processes, particularly with its Volvo Trucks branch. Their New River Valley (NRV) plant in Dublin, Virginia made quite a few headlines this year among the manufacturing world. They primarily use SLS but have also dabbled in other AM methods. This particular facility produces over 500 manufacturing tools and fixtures in use on the shop floor produced using 3D printing. The facility is also a major hub for North American automotive engineering.</p><p>Aside from commercial automobiles, the company also develops construction equipment. Sure enough, 3D printing has also made its mark on this aspect of the company&rsquo;s operations. Volvo applied 3D printing in re-tooling their articulated haul trucks, and thus cutting down the cost of prototyping by a tenth. This also allowed them to reduce the time spent from 20 to merely 2 weeks.</p><h1><strong>GM</strong><strong><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1577988029323-GMC.jpg" style="width: 1106px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></strong></h1><p>General Motors, and its various other branches, are major users (and developers) of 3D printing technology. As of 2018, GM was saving $300,000 a year on tooling and is making sufficient advances towards the development of new technologies using alternative fuel sources. The leading automaker&nbsp;announced last year it plans to launch 20 new electric and fuel cell models globally by the year 2023.</p><p>Although their 3D printing operations have largely been about prototyping, they are expanding. The company further plans to scale up their printing operations to produce &ldquo;<em><strong>tens of thousands of parts at scale as the technology improves</strong></em>,&rdquo; according to Kevin Quinn, director of additive design and manufacturing at GM. This plan is likely to unfold over the next 5 years.</p><p>The company&rsquo;s Warren Tech Center produces roughly 30,000 prototype parts each year. The parts consist of at least nine sorts of materials, employing combinations of plastics and metal and powders. They are primarily used for prototyping but the company is also looking at end-use parts. They also co-own HRL laboratories with Boeing, who ended producing a 3D printed Aluminum alloy.</p><p>Dan Grieshaber, GM&rsquo;s director of global manufacturing integration, stated the majority of GM&rsquo;s factories have 3D printers now. The company plans to increase it even further, at least within their North American factories. The move is likely to save GM millions of dollars in production costs annually. GM has long been an investor in 3D printing and it&rsquo;s various sub-branch technologies. They are applying it for the rapid building of tools and accessories for workers in their plants. Just this year, the company stated that the implementation of a $35,000 3D printing machine has saved the company $300,000 over two years. While tooling production is the primary role that the printer plays, it may be possible that the company will increase the role of additive manufacturing in their daily operations.</p><p><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1577988053340-Bracket-Prototype-1024x683.jpg" style="width: 1109px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></p><p>Their partnership with Autodesk has been beneficial in manufacturing lightweight 3D printed parts that could help the automaker meet its goals to add alternative-fuel vehicles to its product lineup. Also part of this same collaboration, in 2019 both companies showed off 3D-printed seat bracket made of stainless steel and developed with the Autodesk technology.</p><p>Early in 2019, GM was looking at a novel new design application for 3D printing. In collaboration with Michellin, they were looking to produce a new type of tyre with superior durability. The Uptis tire is still a work in progress but the companies have moved on to the testing phase. They claim the tires would be 100 percent sustainable, resistant and able to last even longer. They are also a much greener alternative, with less waste during production. Recently, engineers were using a fleet of Chevrolet Bolt EVs to test the new tires in Michigan, and have floated the possibility of making them available to the public in 2024.</p><h1><strong>Porsche</strong></h1><p><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1577988098320-Porsche-1024x576.jpg" style="width: 1108px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></p><p>Porsche has been using 3D printing for a range of different purposes, from major components to reinventing the supply chain for their older models. Porsche is currently using 3D printing to produce very specific spare parts, but not that extensively. This is due to the stringent quality standards they need to conduct to ensure the safety is up to scratch. The company also works with a lower overall number of units produced as they are more of classic and luxury car brand.</p><p>For the development of out of production components such as the release lever for the clutch on the Porsche 959, the company employs laser melting. They make use of powdered tool steel and get the part out far more efficiently than it would be otherwise possible with alternative methods.</p><p>The use of 3D printing has also allowed the company to move towards on-demand printing, allowing for far lower costs associated with materials, transportation and storage. This is also beneficial as these parts are not in greater demand and are often expensive to keep in constant production. Porsche has most famously been working with Markfordged on reviving these classic parts.</p><p>Mainly, they use SLM and SLS for the various parts they need to produce. Porsche has stated that the 3D printed parts are superior to the older ones in many cases. While they are printing a limited number of parts currently, they have been expanding the portfolio since 2018 and testing future components.</p><p><strong>If you have questions, or feedback, feel free to leave them below in the comments.</strong></p><hr><p><strong>Sponsored content</strong></p><p>This article was created in partnership with 3ERP. If you are interested in sharing sponsored content on the Wevolver platform email us at richard [at] wevolver.com. Wevolver reaches more than 6 million young, professional engineers and engineering students every month. To learn more visit our &quot;<a href="https://www.wevolver.com/marketing-solutions" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Marketing Solutions</a>&quot; page.</p>

This article aims to provide insight into the many ways some of the biggest automobile manufacturers in the world use 3D printing in their workflow.

How 5 Major Automobile Manufacturers Use 3D Printing

What is DLP is a 3D printing? This article aims to provide an in-depth understanding of DLP 3D printing, its working principles, advantages, limitations, and diverse applications in various sectors.

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