This article examines the anodizing process, an electrochemical surface treatment that makes metals like aluminium and titanium more durable and corrosion resistant.

The Anodizing Process Explained

A comprehensive technical guide on vapor smoothing, covering process, materials, equipment, safety, and benefits for digital design and hardware engineers.

Vapor Smoothing 3D Printed Parts

In manufacturing, achieving a high-quality finish is just as important as the fabrication process itself. Post-processing transforms raw or freshly produced components into professional, functional, and aesthetically appealing parts. Whether a component is 3D printed, cast, or machined, post-processing ensures it meets the required surface, dimensional, and structural standards. Among the many post-processing methods available, media blasting is one of the most versatile and widely adopted techniques.Media blasting involves propelling abrasive materials—called “media”—at a surface under controlled conditions. This process removes imperfections, cleans contaminants, and alters surface textures to achieve specific functional or cosmetic outcomes. It is used across industries such as aerospace, automotive, metal fabrication, and additive manufacturing. When properly executed, media blasting can significantly improve adhesion for coatings, enhance corrosion resistance, and produce a consistent surface finish. Understanding the fundamentals of this process, as well as selecting the correct media type and parameters, is essential for maximizing both performance and quality.<h2>What is Media Blasting?</h2>Media blasting, often referred to as abrasive blasting, is a surface finishing process that uses high-pressure air or mechanical force to propel abrasive media against a substrate. The goal is to clean, smooth, roughen, or otherwise modify the surface of a part.[1] Depending on the medium and pressure applied, media blasting can range from aggressive material removal to delicate surface cleaning.The process typically involves three key elements: <ul><li>Blasting equipment</li><li>Abrasive media</li><li>Surface being treated </li></ul>In the media blasting process, compressed air or a centrifugal wheel accelerates the media, which strikes the part surface at high velocities. The impact either removes unwanted material (like rust, scale, or old paint) or modifies the surface texture for improved adhesion or appearance.Media blasting can be performed in enclosed cabinets for small parts or in open blasting rooms for larger workpieces. Automated systems are also common in production environments, offering consistent and repeatable results.The versatility of this process makes it compatible with metal surfaces, plastics, composites, ceramics, and even wood.[2] By adjusting variables—such as pressure, nozzle type, distance, and media composition—operators can precisely control the aggressiveness and finish quality of the process. This adaptability has made media blasting an indispensable tool in both industrial and artisanal applications.<h3>What is media blasting used for:</h3>Media blasting is a highly adaptable finishing process used to clean, shape, or enhance the surface of a material through the controlled impact of abrasive media. Its versatility makes it suitable for everything from heavy-duty industrial cleaning to precision finishing of delicate components. Below are some of the post-processes that media blasting is used for:Surface cleaning: Effectively removes rust, oxidation, paint, scale, grease, and other contaminants from metals, composites, and plastics. This process restores surfaces to a clean, bare state, ready for further finishing or inspection.Surface preparation: Creates a controlled texture that enhances coating, paint, or adhesive adhesion. It ensures consistent bond strength and extends the lifespan of protective coatings.Smoothing and polishing: Refines rough or uneven surfaces, eliminates tool marks, and produces smooth, uniform finishes for both functional and aesthetic purposes.Peening: Strengthens metal components by inducing compressive surface stresses, increasing fatigue resistance in parts such as springs, gears, and turbine blades.Deburring and deflashing: Removes burrs, sharp edges, or excess flash from machining, molding, or casting operations without altering part geometry.Surface blending: Harmonizes repaired or welded areas with surrounding surfaces to create a uniform, professional appearance.<h2>Different Types of Media</h2><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1761131494482-granular_material_samples_various_types_in_small_bags.jpg" style="width:100%px" class="fr-fic fr-dib" alt="Different types of media used in media blasting post-process" />There are many different types of media used in media blasting, from ceramic beads to steel shot.There are many types of blasting media, each designed for specific materials and results. Selecting the correct medium ensures efficiency, quality, and cost-effectiveness. Below is a comparison of commonly used blasting media:<div id="isPasted"><table><tbody><tr><td>Media Type</td><td>Description</td><td>Typical Applications</td><td>Material Compatibility</td></tr><tr><td>Glass Beads</td><td>Spherical glass particles used for smooth, satin finishes without material removal.</td><td>Peening, cleaning, polishing.</td><td>Aluminum, stainless steel, plastics.</td></tr><tr><td>Aluminum Oxide</td><td>Sharp, durable abrasive for aggressive cutting and surface prep.</td><td>Paint removal, etching, deburring.</td><td>Steel, iron, titanium.</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Bicarbonate (Soda blasting)​</td><td>Gentle, non-destructive medium; dissolves in water.</td><td>Cleaning delicate surfaces, removing coatings without damage.</td><td>Soft metals, plastics, composites.</td></tr><tr><td>Walnut Shells</td><td>Organic, biodegradable media used for polishing and light cleaning.</td><td>Cleaning engines, molds, or wood.</td><td>Metals, plastics, composites.</td></tr><tr><td>Sand</td><td>Traditional abrasive for heavy-duty cleaning; less common due to health risks (silicosis).</td><td>Rust and paint removal.</td><td>Metals and masonry.</td></tr><tr><td>Plastic</td><td>Soft, non-metallic media ideal for gentle cleaning and finishing without damaging surfaces.</td><td>Removing coatings, cleaning delicate parts, paint stripping.</td><td>Aluminum, plastics, composites, sensitive metals.</td></tr><tr><td>Steel Grit/Shot​</td><td>Reusable metallic media providing aggressive cleaning or peening.</td><td>Descaling, surface hardening.</td><td>Ferrous metals.</td></tr><tr><td>Silicon Carbide</td><td>Extremely hard media for cutting and etching dense materials.</td><td>Etching, surface prep for ceramics or glass.</td><td>Hard metals, ceramics, stone.</td></tr><tr><td>Corn Cob Grit</td><td>Lightweight, biodegradable medium for gentle cleaning.</td><td>Drying, polishing, removing light contamination.</td><td>Wood, plastics, soft metals.</td></tr><tr><td>Ceramic Beads</td><td>Tough, spherical media producing consistent, smooth finishes.</td><td>Surface finishing, cleaning high-value components.</td><td>Stainless steel, titanium, alloys.</td></tr><tr><td>Garnet</td><td>Natural mineral abrasive known for high efficiency and recyclability.</td><td>Rust removal, surface prep for coatings.</td><td>Metals, concrete.</td></tr><tr><td>Wire Shot</td><td>Cut or conditioned wire particles used for cleaning, finishing, or peening. Durable and provides uniform impact energy.</td><td>Shot peening, surface cleaning, descaling, and preparation before coating.</td><td>Steel, stainless steel, aluminum, and other metals. Not ideal for soft materials.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><h3 id="isPasted">Five Tips for choosing media blasting material</h3><ol><li>Match hardness to substrate: Choose media softer than the base material to prevent damage when precision or surface integrity is important. </li><li>Define your goal: Use coarse, angular media for material removal and fine, spherical media for polishing or peening. </li><li>Consider reusability: Steel shot and ceramic beads are more durable and reusable, reducing long-term cost. </li><li>Consider environmental impact: Biodegradable media like nut shells or corn cob grit are safer for the environment since they are biodegradable. Glass blasting can also use recycled glass. </li><li>Evaluate contamination risk: Use non-ferrous media when blasting aluminum or stainless steel to avoid rust contamination.</li></ol><h2>Applications for Media Blasting</h2>Media blasting serves a wide variety of industrial and commercial purposes. One of its most common uses is surface preparation (i.e. removing rust, paint, or scale before coating or painting operations). The process ensures better adhesion and durability of subsequent finishes.In the aerospace and automotive sectors, precision blasting is used for peening components such as gears, turbine blades, and springs. Peening induces beneficial compressive stresses on the surface, improving fatigue resistance and extending component life.The maritime industry also relies heavily on media blasting for both maintenance and surface preparation. Ship hulls, propellers, and offshore structures are frequently blasted to remove marine growth, corrosion, and old coatings before repainting or anti-fouling treatment. This process helps maintain hydrodynamic efficiency, reduces fuel consumption, and prolongs vessel life. Specialized blasting techniques—such as wet blasting—are often employed to minimize dust and environmental contamination during shipyard operations.For restoration and maintenance, blasting efficiently removes corrosion, oxidation, or contaminants from tools, machinery, and historical artifacts without altering the underlying material. The process is also invaluable in tooling and mold cleaning, where buildup removal helps maintain dimensional accuracy and product quality.Finally, decorative finishing applications, such as frosting glass or creating matte metallic surfaces, rely on carefully controlled blasting to achieve consistent aesthetics.<h3>Media blasting and 3D printing</h3>Media blasting has become an essential post-processing step in additive manufacturing, helping transform freshly 3D printed parts into production-ready components. After 3D printing—especially with powder bed fusion or binder jetting—parts often have residual powder, rough surfaces, or visible layer lines. Media blasting effectively cleans, smooths, and refines these surfaces without altering fine details or dimensional accuracy.By selecting the right media type and pressure, manufacturers can achieve various finishes, from a subtle matte texture using glass beads to more aggressive smoothing with aluminum oxide. This process improves not only the appearance of printed parts but also their functional performance, enhancing coating or paint adhesion and reducing friction between mating surfaces.<h2>Health and Safety when Media Blasting </h2><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1761131526917-sand_blasting_worker_pipe_rust_removal.jpg" alt="Industrial media blasting using PPE" class="fr-fic fr-dii" />It is imperative to wear the proper PPE when using any media blasting systems, particularly portable, non-enclosed onesAlthough media blasting is highly effective, it poses several health and safety risks that must be carefully managed. The process generates airborne dust, noise, and high-velocity particles that can be hazardous to operators. Proper ventilation and dust collection systems are essential to prevent inhalation of fine particles, especially when using silica-based media, which can cause silicosis and other respiratory illnesses.[4]Operators should always wear personal protective equipment (PPE) such as blast suits, gloves, eye protection, and respirators rated for the material being used. Automated blasting machines or enclosed blast cabinets can further reduce exposure.Equipment safety is also critical: hoses, nozzles, and pressure vessels must be regularly inspected for wear or damage to avoid accidental ruptures. Safe handling and disposal of spent media, particularly when contaminated with coatings or hazardous residues, should comply with local environmental regulations.By following these safety guidelines and maintaining proper operational practices, media blasting can be performed efficiently, sustainably, and without compromising worker health.<h2>Conclusion</h2>Media blasting remains one of the most effective and adaptable post-processing methods in modern manufacturing. Its ability to clean, refine, and prepare a wide range of materials—from metals and plastics to composites and ceramics—makes it indispensable across industries such as aerospace, automotive, maritime, and additive manufacturing. By carefully selecting the appropriate media type, pressure, and blasting parameters, manufacturers can achieve precise control over surface finish, enhancing both functional and aesthetic qualities of components. Beyond improving adhesion and corrosion resistance, media blasting also contributes to structural integrity through processes like peening and deburring.However, the success of media blasting depends not only on process optimization but also on strict adherence to safety and environmental standards. Proper ventilation, PPE use, and responsible media disposal are critical to ensuring safe and sustainable operations. As manufacturing technologies continue to evolve—particularly in additive and precision production—media blasting will remain a cornerstone of surface finishing, bridging the gap between raw fabrication and high-performance, ready-for-use components. By understanding and applying its best practices, manufacturers can ensure consistent quality, extended component lifespan, and superior overall product performance.<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzYwNzMzNTIzODUxLXN0b2NrLXBob3RvLW1hY3JvLWNsb3NlLXVwLW9mLWFicmFzaXZlLWJsYXN0aW5nLW1lZGlhLWN1dC13aXJlLXNob3QtcGVlbmluZy0yMjEwOTI5NTkzLmpwZyIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTUwLCJmaXQiOiJjb3ZlciJ9fX0=" style="width:100%px" class="fr-fic fr-dib" alt="Wire Shot used for media blasting" />Media blasting with wire shot is suitable for peening, surface cleaning, and descaling hard materials.<h2>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)</h2><h3>Q: What is the difference between sandblasting and media blasting?</h3>A: While the terms are often used interchangeably, sandblasting specifically refers to the use of sand as the abrasive material, whereas media blasting is a broader term that encompasses a variety of abrasive materials such as glass beads, aluminum oxide, steel shot, or even organic materials like nut shells and corn cob grit. Modern industry favors the term “media blasting” since it includes safer and more environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional silica sand, which can pose health risks such as silicosis when inhaled.<h3>Q: What is the difference between dry blasting and wet blasting?</h3>A: The key distinction lies in whether water is used during the process. Dry blasting propels dry media using compressed air, offering strong cutting power and fast material removal. Wet blasting, on the other hand, mixes the abrasive with water to suppress dust and produce a smoother finish. Wet blasting is ideal for applications where surface contamination, dust control, or part preservation are critical—such as in the maritime, aerospace, or restoration industries.<h3>Q: Can media blasting damage the material being processed?</h3>A: Yes, if the wrong media type, pressure, or technique is used, blasting can damage or distort the substrate. For instance, using a hard, angular medium like aluminum oxide on a soft material such as aluminum or plastic can cause pitting or erosion. Proper selection of media and process parameters is essential to achieving the desired surface finish without harming the underlying material.<h3>Q: How do I choose the right blasting media for my application?</h3>A: Start by considering the material hardness of the workpiece, the desired finish, and the goal of the process (e.g., clean surfaces, smoothing, or peening). Softer, spherical media like glass beads are ideal for polishing and cleaning delicate parts, while harder, angular media such as aluminum oxide or garnet are used for aggressive surface removal. Reusability, environmental impact, and contamination risk should also factor into your choice.<h3>Q: What safety equipment is required for abrasive blasting?</h3>A: Media blasting requires proper personal protective equipment (PPE) including: Blast helmet or hood, respiratory protection (such as an air-fed respirator or NIOSH-approved mask), protective clothing, hearing protection, and eye protection. In addition to PPE, a well-ventilated workspace or dust collection system should be in place to minimize airborne contaminants. Operators should also regularly inspect hoses, nozzles, and pressure vessels to ensure the system is in safe working condition.<h2>References</h2>[1] Rudawska A. Mechanical surface treatment of adherends for adhesive bonding. Progress in Adhesion and Adhesives. 2023 Dec 29;7:113-69.[2] Kılınç İ, Budakçı M, Korkmaz M. The Use of Environmentally Friendly Abrasive Blasting Media for Paint Removal from Wood Surfaces. BioResources. 2023 Jan 1;18(1).[3] Protecting Workers from the Hazards of Abrasive Blasting Materials [PDF]. U.S. Department of Labor OSHA. September, 2014. <a href="https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/OSHA3697.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/OSHA3697.pdf</a> [4] Abrasive Blasting Hazards in Shipyard Employment [Internet]. U.S. Department of Labor OSHA. December, 2006. <a href="https://www.osha.gov/maritime/guidance/shipyard-guidance" target="_blank">https://www.osha.gov/maritime/guidance/shipyard-guidance</a>

Understand the fundamentals of media blasting and discover proven methods for improving surface adhesion, minimizing contamination, and achieving consistent, high-quality finishes in post-process operations.

Media Blasting: Fundamentals and Best Practices for the Post Process

Additive manufacturing (AM) was once synonymous with prototyping and experimental design. However, Its scope is broadening to include scaled and high-volume production applications. The 3D printing sector has experienced swift expansion, with its market size rising from $20.68 billion in 2023 to an estimated $24.61 billion in 2024. This upward trend is anticipated to continue, with forecasts suggesting the market could hit approximately $117.78 billion by 2033, reflecting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 19% over the 2024–2033 period. 1As companies integrate 3D printing into full-scale manufacturing, they’re discovering not just its design flexibility and speed but also its logistical and economic potential. However, unlike traditional manufacturing methods, where finishing is often well-optimized and automated, AM still faces a complex and often manual post-processing stage. As companies look to scale their 3D printing capabilities, the bottleneck created by inefficient post-processing becomes more prominent.New post-processing solutions are being designed with accessibility, scalability, and automation in mind to tackle this bottleneck. This article discusses how new solutions are making AM more viable for industrial use and how <a href="https://formnext.mesago.com/frankfurt/en/expo-convention.html">Formnext 2025</a> presents a key venue where these innovations and solutions are explored and showcased.<h1>The Needs of Post-Processing in High-Volume Production</h1>The role of post-processing is increasing in manufacturing setup as companies move from small-batch prototyping to full-scale AM. In prototyping environments, manual or semi-manual methods involving basic sanding, support removal, or superficial cleaning may suffice. However, these methods become inefficient, inconsistent, and labor-intensive when applied to higher volumes.At an industrial scale, post-processing must handle significantly larger quantities and meet tighter tolerances and surface finish requirements. Production environments demand faster turnaround times, uniform results, and the ability to meet industry-specific compliance standards. This makes post-processing a critical step that determines the feasibility and profitability of using AM at scale.Moreover, in high-volume production, core steps such as support removal, depowdering (for powder-bed fusion processes), surface smoothing, chemical or thermal curing, and cleaning become more complex. Each step introduces potential points of variability that can affect final part performance and aesthetic quality, especially when done manually. Therefore, scalable solutions must ensure that each step is tightly controlled and repeatable. In this regard, automation is increasingly employed in post-processing. Automated systems accelerate operations and minimize human error and physical strain on operators. Incorporating automated systems into post-processing workflows improves both speed and repeatability as well. In production settings, defects or surface deviations can result in rejected parts, rework, or failure in end-use applications. Therefore, robust quality control mechanisms must be integrated directly into the post-processing workflow. This includes features such as in-line inspection, real-time feedback systems, and traceable process parameters that ensure repeatability from part to part.<h1>Innovations in Post-Processing Technologies</h1>The latest innovations are focused on automating repetitive tasks and enhancing process control. New-generation post-processing systems are incorporating robotics, AI, and closed-loop feedback to reduce manual intervention. For instance, intelligent part recognition systems can identify part geometries and automatically select appropriate finishing parameters. Adaptive surface treatment technologies where equipment can fine-tune blasting intensity or polishing profiles in real-time based on sensor feedback are also emerging.In hybrid manufacturing environments, 3D printing operates alongside traditional CNC machining or injection molding. For instance, modular post-processing units can be integrated into multi-step production cells, allowing components to transition automatically from 3D printing to machining to finishing without manual handling, enabling fully hybrid production lines. Advanced post-processing solutions are designed with software and hardware integration in mind for such hybrid systems. Such systems can receive print-job metadata directly from the printer and adjust their processing parameters accordingly to ensure optimal settings for different materials, geometries, and finishes.Another area of rapid development is materials handling, particularly in powder-based AM processes such as Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and Multi Jet Fusion (MJF). Here, dust control and automated powder removal systems are playing an important role in maintaining both part quality and workplace safety.<h2> Bridging the Gap Between Prototyping and Production</h2>Transitioning from prototype to serial production is challenging for manufacturers. However, modern solutions are facilitating this transition. Manufacturers moving from prototyping to production benefit from technologies that simplify the scaling process. These solutions often include automation in post-processing steps such as support removal, surface finishing, and quality inspection. Automation reduces manual intervention and variability, enabling manufacturers to maintain consistent quality across larger production volumes. Adjusting workflows through automation and integration leads to several advantages. For instance, enhanced throughput means parts move more quickly from printing through post-processing to final inspection, which accelerates overall production timelines. Moreover, reducing manual labor lowers operational costs and allows skilled workers to focus on higher-value tasks, which is crucial for scaling production economically. These improvements collectively support the transition from producing individual custom parts to efficient serial manufacturing. Similarly, comprehensive software ecosystems are central to bridging the gap between prototyping and production. These platforms enable real-time data sharing between CAD tools, slicing software, and post-processing equipment, creating a connected workflow that reduces errors and speeds up decision-making. Moreover, traceability features allow teams to track each part’s journey from design to delivery, which is critical for quality assurance in regulated industries. Advanced scheduling algorithms can also optimize job queues based on machine availability and part priority, enhancing overall productivity.<h1>The Role of Formnext in Post-Processing Advancements</h1><a href="https://formnext.mesago.com/frankfurt/en.html">Formnext</a> is the leading exhibition for AM and industrial 3D printing and has become central to the advancement of post-processing solutions. The event brings together equipment manufacturers, software developers, and users to demonstrate how integrated solutions connect design and production in a smoother workflow. Many breakthrough post-processing systems are either introduced or iterated upon at Formnext. <h2>Case Studies and Industrial Examples</h2>Several companies at previous Formnext events have demonstrated how advanced post-processing technologies are reshaping industrial 3D printing. For instance, at the 2024 Formnext event, Solukon presented its SFM-AT350 system, which automates the removal of powder from complex metal parts using programmable rotation and targeted vibration. This innovation addresses the challenge of cleaning intricate geometries, significantly reducing manual labor and ensuring a higher level of process consistency. Solukon’s technology allows manufacturers to handle larger production volumes with greater reliability and less operator intervention by automating this critical post-processing step.Joke Technology’s Eneskapostprocess 5.0 workstation was also part of the Formnext exhibition 2024. This upgraded system features a 50% increase in workspace volume of up to 560 liters and supports components weighing up to 250 kilograms. Despite the expanded capacity, the unit is compact and ergonomic, with options for manual, forklift, or crane loading. This solution enables manufacturers to scale up part sizes without compromising on safe and efficient post-processing workflows.AMbitious powered by Toolcraft introduced a dry ice blasting system at Formnext 2024. It is designed to remove support structures from metal AM parts. Traditionally a labor-intensive task, support removal is now semi-automated, cutting throughput times by up to 15 minutes per component. In addition to increasing productivity, the technology reduces physical strain on operators, providing a dual improvement in operational efficiency and workplace ergonomics. Toolcraft AG is already applying this method in production.Similarly, Xioneer addresses post-processing for granulate and filament-based 3D printing with its VXL 150 soluble support material and Vortex XL dissolving tank. The new system, available in three versions, nearly doubles the capacity to 60 liters, catering to high-temperature printing needs. For dental and smaller-scale applications, Xioneer’s Vortex EZ Dental desktop station offers quick, heat-assisted support material removal.These examples exhibited at Formnext 2024 show us how accessible and targeted post-processing innovations are enhancing scalability, repeatability, and ease of use. <h1>Conclusion</h1>Advanced post-processing solutions enable manufacturers to scale production with improved quality, reduced costs, and greater consistency by automating and optimizing critical post-printing steps.In this regard, continued innovation and collaboration across the AM ecosystem are essential. Formnext 2025 will be a premier venue to witness firsthand the latest breakthroughs in post-processing technologies and their integration into end-to-end manufacturing workflows. <a href="https://formnext.mesago.com/frankfurt/en/exhibitor-search.html">Formnexts AM Directory</a> will show you which exhibitors will showcase 2025 postprocessing solutions.Register for the <a href="https://info.mesago.de/-lp/5HKPB14784/p4jkP173">Formnext newsletter</a> to stay informed on these exciting developments and industry trends. This will provide ongoing updates and insights into how accessible post-processing solutions are shaping the future of industrial 3D printing, or secure your Formnext ticket directly. Until 21 October they will grant a early bird price in the <a href="https://formnext.mesago.com/frankfurt/en/expo-convention/visitor-information.html#tickets">ticket shop</a>.<h1>References</h1><ol><li>3D Printing Market Size, Share, and Trends 2024 to 2033. [Online] Precedence Research. Available at: <a href="https://www.precedenceresearch.com/3d-printing-market">https://www.precedenceresearch.com/3d-printing-market</a> (Accessed on May 8, 2024)</li><li>Formnext – the industry hub for Additive Manufacturing [Online] Formnext. Available at: <a href="https://formnext.mesago.com/frankfurt/en.html">https://formnext.mesago.com/frankfurt/en.html</a> (Accessed on May 8, 2025)</li><li>Highlights and premieres for Formnext 2024: Ancillary process systems. [Online] Formnext. Available at: <a href="https://formnext.mesago.com/frankfurt/en/industry-insights/fonmag/fonmag_articles/articles/a-wide-range-of-impressive-innovations-in-post-processing.html">https://formnext.mesago.com/frankfurt/en/industry-insights/fonmag/fonmag_articles/articles/a-wide-range-of-impressive-innovations-in-post-processing.html</a> (Accessed on May 8, 2025)</li></ol>

Additive manufacturing is moving into large-scale production, but post-processing remains a key hurdle. Explore how emerging automation solutions are addressing key challenges at Formnext 2025.

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ORGANIZATIONS.

SHAPING THE INDUSTRY.

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