Supercharge EV's Performance with Optimized Battery Enclosures

According to the Global EV Outlook from IEA, the EV stock reaches 145 million in 2030, accounting for 7% of the road vehicle fleet. However, one of the main challenges facing EVs is the battery, which determines the performance, range, safety, and cost of the vehicle. The battery enclosure is the protective structure that houses the battery cells and modules. The article explores different materials and design considerations for enclosures to optimize and supercharge EV performance.  

Steel vs. Aluminium vs. Carbon Fiber

Steel is a traditional material that offers high strength and durability. However, steel is heavy and prone to corrosion, which can reduce the energy efficiency and lifespan of the battery. In addition, steel has high thermal conductivity, which affects the battery performance and safety. Aluminum, in contrast, is preferred due to its lightweight and high strength-to-weight ratio. It is also more resistant to corrosion than steel.

Sounds like aluminum wins in every way, no material is without its challenges, however. There is also the poor impact performance of metal materials. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), a newer and more innovative composite material, offers lightweight, anti-impact, durable and flexible performance. However, it is also more expansive. Moreover, its thermal expansion mismatch with the battery cells, which makes it still a cautious choice.

Design to Improve Cooling Efficiency

Other than material selection, the factors such as structure optimization, thermal management system, etc., are also crucial. The modular design with multiple cooling channels and the use of cooling fins and heat sinks can enhance the cooling efficiency of the battery pack. Therefore, the surface area for heat transfer increased, allowing air or liquid to flow through the channels. If the heat, generated by battery cells during operation, is not dissipated properly, can reduce the lifespan of the battery, and even cause safety hazards.

Multi-layered Housing Structure

Another important aspect of the battery pack housing design is the protection against mechanical and thermal shocks. A multi-layered housing structure consisting of an outer layer of aluminum or steel, a middle layer of insulation material, and an inner layer of polymer film can balance the pros and cons of different materials.

This structure protects against physical damage to the battery cells from external impacts or vibrations, and protects against thermal runaway, which can occur when the battery overheats and triggers a chain reaction leading to a fire or explosion. The insulation layer prevents heat from spreading to adjacent cells and absorbs impact energy, while the polymer film acts as a barrier to prevent oxygen from entering the battery and fueling the combustion.

On-demand Manufacturing Accelerates Your Enclosure Development

Before launching battery packs to the market, you need to conduct many prototyping verifications. RPWORLD is happy to support alongside your auto part development with 20-years’ experience and expertise. Choose RPWORLD, you will get:

• Fast delivery in as little as 7 days to help you ahead of competitions.
• One-stop manufacturing including CNC machining, injection molding and more to bring your design to life under one roof.
• Design optimization and manufacturability advice to mitigate production risks.
• 00+ high-performance engineering materials to suite your different needs.